Biology Kingdom Animalia

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symmetry

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The balanced arrangement of parts which is characteristic of many animals.

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Spherical symmetry

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any plane passing through the center divides it into equal halves

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Radial Symmetry

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When an object has many lines of symmetry that all go through a central point.

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Bilateral Symmetry

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When there is just one line that divides it into halves that are mirror images.

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Phylum Poriferans

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act as living pumps, drawing water into their bodies through tiny ostia and expelling it through a larger opening called a osculum. Ex: sponges

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Ostia

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a series of tiny pores all over the body of a sponge that let water into the sponge

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Osculum

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mouth like sperture of a sponge

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Epidermis

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*plants- the outer layer of cells that usually lack chlorophyll and serve for protection.

* animals- a tissue that usually covers or lines a structure

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Mesenchyme

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a noncellular, jellylike matrix between cell layers of sponge contains the amoebocytes

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spicules

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a sharp pointed supporting structure in sponges composed of silicon or calcium compounds

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Collar cells

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one of the flagellated cells that lines the inner cavity of a sponge

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phylum cnidaria

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Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic and mostly marine environments. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. Ex: jelly fish

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Gastrovascular cavity

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The internal cavity of cnidarians where digestion and food circulation occur

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Cnidocytes

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a stinging cell containing a nematocyst used bt cnidarians for defense

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Nematocytes

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a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defense or to capture prey.

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nerve net

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a nervous system that lacks a brain and major ganglia

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hydrostatic skeleton

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a support system in some in some soft-bodied animals in which water pressure keeps the body firm and enables movement through the flexing muscles

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appendage

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an extension of an animals body

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cephalization

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the presence of a head region usually containing nerve tissue and supplied with sensory organs

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Phylum Platyhelminthes

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The flatworms, or Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates

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planarians

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a free-living flatworm that has a three-branched intestine and a tubular pharynx, typically located halfway down the body.

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pharynx

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the portion of the digestive tract that connects the mouth cavity and the esophagus also serves as the passageway for air from nose to larynx.

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Flame cells

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a cell that possesses tufts of clia part of the planarians excretory system

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Hermaphroditic

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a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes. ex: earth worm

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Tegument

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A protective body covering

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Tapeworms

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a flatworm from the class cestoda

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Phylum Nematoda

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A phylum of worms including species parasitic in humans and plants as well as free-living nonparasitic species in soil or water. It includes the intestinal roundworms and filarial roundworms.

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Phylum Annelida

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The annelids, formally called Annelida, are a large invertebrate phylum, with over 17,000 modern species including ragworms, earthworms and leeches

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septum

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one of the inner divisions of a segmented worm

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Clitellum

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a raised band encircling the body of oligochaete worms and some leeches, made up of reproductive segments

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Crop

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a portion of the digestive tract that temporary stores food

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Gizzard

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a thick walled digestive organ that grinds food

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mantle

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the sheath of tissue that covers the body of a mollusk

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shell

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the mineralized covering secreted by the mantle of some mollusks supports and protects the body

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visceral mass

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the portion of a mollusks body that contains internal organs

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foot

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fleshy muscular organ of locomotion for most mollusks

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Radula

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a plantlike structure in the pharynx of certain mollusk

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siphon

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a tube in a mollusk used to draw in or expel water

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Phylum Mollusca

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all molluscs share some unique characteristics that define their body plan. The body has a head, a foot and a visceral mass. This is all covered with a mantle that typically secretes the shell Ex: oysters

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Phylum Echinodermata

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Echinoderms are characterized by radial symmetry, several arms radiating from a central body . The body actually consists of five equal segments, each containing a duplicate set of various internal organs. Ex: starfish