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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means
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atom
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a substance made of only one kind of atom; a pure substance
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element
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a substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements
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compound
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a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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molecule
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an atom that has an electrical charge because they contain an unequal number of electrons and protons
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ion
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an attraction between substances of the same kind
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cohesion
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an attraction between different substances
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adhesion
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a mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance
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solution
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a compound that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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acid
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a compound that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions
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base
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organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion 1:2:1
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carbohydrate
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the building blocks of carbohydrates; single sugars
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monosaccharides
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nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water
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lipids
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a chain of molecules called amino acids linked together
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protein
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the building blocks of proteins
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amino acid
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a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides
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nucleic acid
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subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
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nucleotide
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two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other
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DNA
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a single strand of nucleotides
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RNA
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a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups
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ATP
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the ability to move or change matter
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energy
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the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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activation energy
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a substance tht increases the speed of chemical reactions
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enzyme
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a substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction
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substrate
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site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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active site
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