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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene
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section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
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Chromosome
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structure made of DNA and associated with proteins on which genes are located
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Chromatid
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one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
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Gamete
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haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid
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Binary fission
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form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
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Centromere
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region joining two chromatids
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Homologous chromosome
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a member of a chromosome pair both of which are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry
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diploid
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term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), 1 set inherited from each parent
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haploid
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having only one set of chromosomes
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zygote
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fertilized egg cell
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autosome
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a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex
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sex chromosome
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one of a pair of chromosomes that are involved in detmining the sex of an individual
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karyotype
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array of the chromosomes found in an individuals calls arranged in order of shape and size
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cell cycle
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repeating five-phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division
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interphase
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period between 2 mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell during which the cell carries out the routine functioning, copies DNA, and prepares to divide
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mitosis
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process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into 2 nuclei, each with the some number and kind of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
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division of the cytoplasm that forms two seperate cells
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cancer
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disease charachterized by abnormal cell growth
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spindle
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structure composed of centrioles and individual hollow protien fibers that move chromosomes apart during cell division
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meiosis
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process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two succesive divisions that produce 4 cells, each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half
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crossing over
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the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by homologous chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis;source of genetic recombination
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independent assortment
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random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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spermatogenesis
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process by which gametes are produced in male animals
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sperm
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male gamete
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oogenesis
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process by which gametes are produced in female animals
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ovum
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a mature egg cell
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asexual reproduction
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reproduction that involves only one parent and results in genetically identical offspring
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clone
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organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent
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sexual reproduction
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reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes or mating types unite to form a zygote
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life cycle
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entire lifespan of an organism; summary nof all the stages of an organism
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fertilization
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the process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote
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sporophyte
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diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alteration of generations; diploid individual that produces spores
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spore
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an asexual, resting, reproductive haploid cell
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gametophyte
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haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alteration of generations; haploid individual that produces gametes
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