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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification is based on a hierarchal system of eight more encompassing groupings called:
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Taxa
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Characteristics of Monocots
1. How many cotyledons do embryos have? 2. Decribe Leaf Veins 3. In the Stems, how are the vascular bundles arranged? 4. Desribe the Roots 5. Floral parts are usually in how many multiples? |
1. One Cotyledon
2. Leaf vein is parallel 3. Vascular Bundles usually complexly arranged 4. Fibrous root system 5. Floral parts usually in multiples of 3 |
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Living organisms are classified by a hierarchal system of eight groupings or taxa, what are they in order from largest to smallest?
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Domain
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (remember, dear king philip came ordered feasted got sick) |
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Characteristics of a Dicot:
1. How many cotyledons do embryos have? 2. Decribe Leaf Veins 3. In the Stems, how are the vascular bundles arranged? 4. Desribe the Roots 5. Floral parts are usually in how many multiples? |
1. Two Cotyledon
2. Leaf vein usually netlike 3. Vascular Bundles usually arranged in a ring 4. Taproot usually present 5. Floral parts usually in multiples of 4 or 5 |
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What is the most widespread type of terrestrial plant?
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the Angiosperm (the flowering plants)
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Angiosperms are divided into two classes. What are they?
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Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae
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What does the aerial shoot system of terrestrial plants consist of?
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1. Stem - structural support and framework demarcated by nodes (point of leaf attachement) and internodes
2. Leaves - the main photosynthetic organ of the plant 3. Buds - axial buds are structure which have the potential to form vegetative branches and terminal buds, either the tips of the shoot or branch 4. Flowers - a reproductive structure capable of producing male and female gametes |
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Plant tissue is composed of these three distinct types, what are they?
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1. Demal - single layer of tightly packed cells covering the exterior of the plant but may also act as an absorptive interface with the environment (as in roots) and watertight barrier (as in stem & leaves)
2. Vascular - a system of two distinct tissue types, Xylem - which conducts water and minuerals in unidirectional flow from the roots to the leaves and Phloem, composite tissue which transports the product of photosynthesis from the sight of production to other non photosynthetic parts, can travel in any direction 3. Ground - the remainder of the plant tissue, neither dermal nor vascular, serves not only to support but also photosynthesis and storage. |
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What is the Pericycle? What is its function
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The outermost layer of cells in the stele which possess potential meristematic activity that can give rise to lateral roots
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What is a Leaf?
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The main photosynthetic organ of a plant. Each leaf consists of a blade, a flattened portion of tissue and the petiole, a stalk which attaches the blade to the stem
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What is a petal?
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One of a ring of modified leaves surrounding the reporductive structures of a flower, which often serves to attract potential pollinators
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What is a Sepal?
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One of a ring (whorl) of modified leaves that enclose and protect a flower but before it opens
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What is the Stigma?
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The sticky part of the top of a flower's carpel that captures pollen
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What is the Anther?
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The pollen poroducing component (sac) fo the male reproductive structure (stamen) of a flowering plant.
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What is the coleoptile?
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The protective layer of tissue covering the plumule of an embryonic grass shoot
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What is a seed coat?
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The protective outer covering of a seed formed from the outer coat of an ovule with the ovary of a flowering plant, which encapsulates the embryo and endosperm
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What is the Endosperm?
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A nutrient rich tissue grown from the fusion of a sperm nucleus and the polar nuclei of an angiosperm embryo sac.
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What is the Plumule?
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What is the tip of an embryonic, angiosperm plant shoot containing the first foliage leaves.
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What is the scutellum? (cotyledon)
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A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo, whose funtion is to absorb and transfer the food reserves of the endosperm to the germinating embryonic plant. Monocots have one while Dicots have two.
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What is the Radicle?
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The root of an embryonic, angiosperm plant.
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What is the coleorhiza?
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The protective layer of tissue covering the radicle of an embryonic grass shoot.
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What is the Stele?
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The central cylinder (core) of vascular tissue in the roots of monocot and dicot plants
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What is the Epidermis?
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The Outermost layer of cells in plants and animals. In plants, the generally one-cell-thick layer of dermal cells serves the general functin of protection, as well as water and mineral absorption in roots and water concervation in stems and leaves. In worms and crayfish, the epidermis secretes a nonliving coating, the cuticle.
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What is the Cortex?
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The region of ground tissue located between the epiermis and vascular tissue in roots and stems which is a primary storage site for starch.
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What is the Endodermis?
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In plants, a specialized single cell layer forming the boundary between the cortex and the stele, it regulates the passage of substances into the vascular tissue of the stele.
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What is the Pith?
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1. The central mass of parenchyma cells in monocot roots
2. The region of ground tissue interior to the vascular tissue in dicot stems. |
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What is the Xylem?
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The nonliving (when mature) straw-like elements of vascular tissue that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant body.
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What is the Phloem?
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The portion of vascular tissue consisting of living cells which are responsible for the transport of organic material throughout a plant.
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What is ground tissue?
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A tissue composed mostly of parenchymal cells, that occupies the space between the dermal and vascular tissues in plants. It plays roles in plant structural support, metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, and in the storage of metabolic products.
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What are Vascular Bundles?
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A discrete strand of vascular tissue in a plant stem that includes both conducting elements (xylem and phloem) and structural support fibers.
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What is the Sclerenchyma?
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In plants, a rigid type of fiber cell with thick secondary cell walls strengthened by lignin that add structural support
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What is the stoma (plural stomata)?
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A minute pore in the epidermal layer of plant leaves or stems, bordered by a pair of guard cells that allow when open, gas exchange between adjacent plant tissues and the surrounding atmosphere.
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What is a Guard Cell?
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Modified leaf epidermal cells that border and regulate the size of stomatal openings through changes in their shape.
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What does the apoplast path consist of?
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The plant cell walls and the intercellular space constitutes this.
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What does the symplast path consist of?
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The living cells, which are connected by plasmodesmata. For water and solutes to enter, they must pass through the plasma membrane and its selective barrier.
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What is the Casperian Strip?
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A layer composed of the wax-like substance, suberin, which surrounds the endodermal cells of plant roots, preventing the passive flow of water into the stele. Seals apoplastic path.
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What is root pressure?
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The upward force of water in the vascular tissue of plant roots, caused by the active transport of minerals into xylem cells within the stele. This, in turn, decreases the water potential in the xylem - resulting in the uptake of water from the root's cortex and surrounding soil.
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What aids in transpiration
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Adhesion and Cohesion
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What is Adhesion?
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The binding or attraction of dissimilar molecules to one another, e.g. the attraction of water molecules to the surface of glass
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What is Cohesion?
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The binding of attraction of like molecules to one another, e.g. the intermolecular hydrogen bdonding of adjacent molecules in pure water
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What is the cuticle?
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In plants, the waxy coating covering epidermal cells of stems and leaves that retards desiccation of underlying tissue. In worms, nonliving secretion of the epidermis that retards desiccation. In crayfish, an epidermal secretion of protein and chitin that forms the exoskeleton.
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What is the hypocotyl?
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The portion of an embryonic shoot below the point of cotyledon attachment
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What is epicotyl?
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The portion of an embryonic shoot above the point of cotyledon attachment
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What are the 3 parts of the carpel?
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The Stigma, Style and Ovary are the parts of the?
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What is a Carpel?
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The complete reproductive organ of a flowering plant, composed of the stigma, style and ovary.
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What is the Style?
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The stalk of the female reproductive organ (carpel) situated between the ovary and its base and the stigma at the top.
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What is the Stigma?
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The sticky part at the top of a flower's carpel that captures pollen
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What is the Ovary?
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In flowering plants, the portion of the female reproductive organ (carpel) that contains one or more ovules that house the female gametophyte.
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What is Pollen?
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The structures that contain a flowering plant's immature male gametophytes.
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What is the Ovary?
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In the flowering plants, the portion of the female reproductive organ (carpel) that contains one or more ovules that house the female gametophyte
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What is the ovule?
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A structure found within a flowering plant's ovary that contains the female gametophyte
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What is the egg?
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The haploid female gamete
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What is bark?
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Its a term used to define all cell layers, living and dead found external to the vascular cambium
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What is merismatic tissue?
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It gives rise to other tissues, like stem cells
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What is Transpiration
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Evaporative Water loss from the aerial portion of the plant
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floral organs that arise from 4 layers of leaf primordia derived from apical merismatic tissue?
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Sepal, Petals, Stamen, Carpel
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Define Osmosis
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The difusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
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Define Phototropism
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The growth of a plant shoot toward (positive phototropism) or away from (negative phototropism) a light source
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What is gravitropism?
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The movement of a plant or animal in response to gravity
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What is the most common type of plant that means tubes?
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What are Tracheophytes
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