Biology I H - Worms

Front 1

Flatworms belong to the Kingdom ________ and the Phylum _______________

Back 1

Animalia; Platyhelminthes

Front 2

Over __,___ species of flatworms

Back 2

18,000

Front 3

The bodies of flatworms are so flat & thin that __ and ___ diffuse directly through skin

Back 3

O2 and CO2

Front 4

Flatworms lack ___________ and ___________ _______

Back 4

respiratory & circulatory systems

Front 5

Flatworms are known as ___________ (__ ____ ______)

Back 5

acoelomates (no body cavity)

Front 6

3 classes of flatworms:

Back 6

- Turbellaria
- Trematoda
- Cestoda

Front 7

Most turbellaria are ____-______ (___ _________)

Back 7

free-living (not parasites)

Front 8

The most common turbellaria is the _________

Back 8

planarian

Front 9

- Spade-shaped at anterior end
- Tapered at posterior end
- When in water, they swim with wavelike motions. When on solid surfaces, they glide on mucus secreted by their own bodies

Back 9

Planaria

Front 10

Planaria feed off of ________ _________

Back 10

decaying organisms

Front 11

In planaria, Food is ingested through a muscular tube called a _______

Back 11

PHARYNX

Front 12

The pharynx leads to the ______________ ______

Back 12

gastrovascular cavity

Front 13

Cells in the gastrovascular cavity:

Back 13

secrete enzymes and then absorb nutrients

Front 14

In planaria, Water enters through _______

Back 14

osmosis

Front 15

Excess water is collected by _____ _____ that are connected to _______

Back 15

flame cells; tubules

Front 16

The excess water is released by the _________ _______ that run the length of the body

Back 16

excretory tubules

Front 17

In planaria, 2 clusters of nerve cells at the anterior end serve as a simple brain called the ________ _______

Back 17

CEREBRAL GANGLIA

Front 18

In planaria, ______ run throughout the body

Back 18

Nerves

Front 19

In planaria, _______ _____ respond to touch, currents, and chemicals

Back 19

sensory cells

Front 20

In planaria, eyespotslocated near the cerebral ganglia sense _________ and _________ __ _____

Back 20

intensity & direction of light

Front 21

Planaria are ______________

Back 21

hermaphrodites

Front 22

both male and female reproductive organs

Back 22

hermaphrodites

Front 23

statement

Back 23

When planaria mate, they simultaneously fertilize each other

Front 24

In planaria, eggs are laid in ________ & hatch in _-_ _____

Back 24

capsules; 2-3 weeks

Front 25

In planaria, Asexual reproduction is by _______

Back 25

fission

Front 26

Statement

Back 26

In planaria, The posterior end attaches to a solid object. The anterior end moves forward until the worm splits. Then the 2 halves regenerate parts

Front 27

Most trematoda are _________

Back 27

parasites

Front 28

The most common trematoda are varieties of ______

Back 28

flukes

Front 29

- Leaf-shaped
- Live internally in blood, intestines, lungs, and/or liver of host OR externally on skin
- Anterior & ventral suckers are used to cling to host or draw fluids from host
- No eyespots
- Have tegument

Back 29

Flukes

Front 30

fused cells made of proteins & carbohydrates that make flukes resistant to host’s immune system

Back 30

tegument

Front 31

Blood fluke is called ___________

Back 31

schistosome

Front 32

An adult blood fluke lives in _____ _____

Back 32

human blood

Front 33

The _____ is the primary host to a blood fluke

Back 33

human

Front 34

In blood flukes, Eggs are fertilized by ____

Back 34

male

Front 35

In blood flukes, Fertilized eggs are:

Back 35

excreted by human in urine or feces

Front 36

In blood flukes, eggs developed into _____ in freshwater

Back 36

larva

Front 37

In blood flukes, Larva reproduces asexually in _____

Back 37

snail

Front 38

In blood flukes, Larva develop ____ and leave snail

Back 38

tail

Front 39

In blood flukes, Larva enters water and finds new _____ ____

Back 39

human host

Front 40

disease caused by schistosomes; irritation, bleeding, tissue decay

Back 40

Schistosomiasis

Front 41

Cestoda are _________

Back 41

parasitic

Front 42

Most common cestoda are varieties of _________

Back 42

tapeworms

Front 43

_________ can live in the intestines of almost all vertebrates

Back 43

Tapeworms

Front 44

Tapeworms enter their host when the host eats raw or undercooked foods containing ____ or ______

Back 44

eggs or larvae

Front 45

Tapeworms may cause:

Back 45

digestive problems, weight loss, lack of energy, anemia

Front 46

Tapeworms are surrounded by ________

Back 46

tegument

Front 47

The anterior end of a tapeworm has a knob-shaped organ called a ______

Back 47

scolex

Front 48

The ______ has hooks and suckers that enable it to attach to the host

Back 48

scolex

Front 49

Body sections of tapeworms are called ___________

Back 49

proglottids

Front 50

Tapeworms may be as long as __ ____

Back 50

33 feet

Front 51

Tapeworms have no __________ ______—absorb through tegument

Back 51

digestive system

Front 52

Tapeworms lack ________

Back 52

eyespots

Front 53

Most tapeworms are ______________

Back 53

hermaphrodites

Front 54

In tapeworms, each __________ has reproductive organs

Back 54

proglottid

Front 55

Statement

Back 55

Eggs in one proglottid may fertilized by sperm from another proglottid or another tapeworm

Front 56

Roundworms belong to the Kingdom ________ and the Phylum ________

Back 56

Animalia; Nematoda

Front 57

There are __,___ species are known roundworms

Back 57

80,000

Front 58

Majority of roundworms are:

Back 58

free-living on land and in water

Front 59

Humans are hosts to about __ species of parasitic roundworms

Back 59

50

Front 60

hollow fluid-filled cavity

Back 60

pseudocoelomates

Front 61

Roundworms have digestive tracts with 2 openings:

Back 61

mouth and anus

Front 62

Most roundworms have separate _____

Back 62

sexes

Front 63

Roundworms are covered by a protective layer called a _______

Back 63

cuticle

Front 64

Examples of roundworms:

Back 64

- Ascaris
- Hookworm
- Trichinella
- Pinworm
- Filarial worms

Front 65

- Live in intestines of pigs, horses, & humans
- Can completely block intestines if not treated
- One female can produce 20,000 eggs/day
- Escape in feces; Enter body through contaminated food/water

Back 65

Ascaris

Front 66

- Live in intestines
- Mouth of worm has cutting plates that clamp onto intestinal wall
- Cause anemia & slowed mental & physical development in children
- Enter body through soles of feet

Back 66

Hookworm

Front 67

- Live embedded in the wall of intestines
- Produce larvae that travel through blood to muscles and form cysts
- People become infected if cysts are in undercooked meats

Back 67

Trichinella

Front 68

disease caused by trichinella worm

Back 68

Trichinosis

Front 69

Causes muscle stiffness and pain
May cause death if it enters the heart muscle

Back 69

Trichinosis

Front 70

- Most common parasitic worm in the US
- Affects 30% of children
- Adults are ½ inch in length and resemble white threads
- Live in lower intestine. Exit through rectum during sleep

Back 70

Pinworm

Front 71

- Live in lymphatic system, part of circulatory system that removes excess fluid from body.
- May block lymphatic system causing elephantiasis
- Also cause heartworms in dogs and cats

Back 71

Filarial worms