Biology I H - Fish

Front 1

Characteristics of Fish:

Back 1

- Streamlined shape
- Muscular tail
- Paired fins for movement
- Unpaired fins increases stability
- Secrete mucus to reduce friction
- Swim bladder regulates amount of gas
- Store lipids (fats) that help them to float

Front 2

- Consists of a row of sensory structures that run the length of the fish'e body on each side
- Detects vibrations in the water

Back 2

Lateral Line System

Front 3

- Lateral line system
- Highly developed senses of smell and sight
- Some have well-developed sense of hearing

Back 3

Sensory Functions

Front 4

Classes of fish:

Back 4

- Agnatha (hagfish and lampreys)
- Chondrichthyes (sharks, skates, rays)
- Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)

Front 5

- Jawless
- No scales
- Eel-like body
- Cartilaginous skeleton
- Unpaired fins
- External fertilization

Back 5

Agnatha (hagfish and lampreys)

Front 6

- Parasitic
- Freshwater
- Large eyes

Back 6

Lamprey

Front 7

- Small eyes
- Ocean dwellers

Back 7

Hagfish

Front 8

- Cartilaginous skeleton
- Movable jaw
- Paired fins
- Salt water
- Carnivores; scavengers
- Covered with placoid scales - small, tooth-like spines that feel like sandpaper
- Internal fertilization
- Use claspers (modified pelvic fins) to transfer sperm to female
- Most give birth to live young
- Care for young

Back 8

Chondrichthyes (sharks, skates, rays)

Front 9

6-20 rows of teeth that point inward; when a front tooth is lost, a replacement moves into place

Back 9

Sharks

Front 10

- Bony skeleton
- Swim bladder, a gas-filled sac that controls buoyancy
- Scales that protect and reduce water friction
- Divided further into groups of:
- Lobe-finned fish
- Ray-finned fish

Back 10

Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)

Front 11

flashy fins supported by bones; ancestors to amphibians

Back 11

Lobe-finned fish

Front 12

fish supported by long, segmented, flexible body elements

Back 12

Ray-finned fish

Front 13

hard plate that opens at the rear and covers the gills

Back 13

Operculum

Front 14

thin round disks of bone like material that grow from pockets in the skin

Back 14

scales

Front 15

FINS

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-

Front 16

tail

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Caudal

Front 17

on top; one or two

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Dorsal

Front 18

one on bottom

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Anal fin

Front 19

under fish; used when fish rests

Back 19

Pelvic

Front 20

sides; navigate, stop, left or right, ect.

Back 20

pectoral

Front 21

External Anatomy of Bony Fish:

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- Operculum
- Skin
- Fins

Front 22

- Cranium (skull)
- Spinal column
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
- Ribs

Back 22

Skeletal System

Front 23

- Mouth with teeth pointing inward
- Pharynx (throat)
- Esophagus
- Stomach is lined with villi that increases surface area
- Intestine
- Anus
- Liver secrete bile to break down fats
- Gall bladder stores bile
- Pancreas - digest carbohydrates

Back 23

Digestive System

Front 24

- 4-chambered hearts
- Blood
- Heart

Back 24

Circulatory System

Front 25

- Vessels
- Blood in artery has a lot of oxygen
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood

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Blood

Front 26

arteries, capillaries, viens

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vessels

Front 27

- 4 chambers in a row
- Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the sinus
- venosus (collecting chamber)
- Blood enters the Atrium
- The atrium contracts, forcing blood into the ventricle
- From the ventricle, blood enters the conus arteriosus. Blood then leaves the heart and goes
to gills to receive oxygen

Back 27

Heart

Front 28

- Gills are supported by four sets of curved bones on each side of the fish's head
- Each gill has a double row of thin projections called gill filaments
- Water is taken in through the mouth, where it flows over the gills before exiting through the operculum

Back 28

Respiratory System

Front 29

- Kidneys filter wastes from the blood
- Urine is stored in urinary bladder
- Swim bladder
- Fish adjust gases in swim bladder, enabling them to move up or down

Back 29

Excretory System

Front 30

thin-walled sac in the abdominal cavity that contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen obtained from blood

Back 30

Swim bladder

Front 31

- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Spinal Nerves

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Nervous System

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BRAIN

Back 32

-

Front 33

smell

Back 33

olfactory

Front 34

integrate sensory organs

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cerebrum

Front 35

process info from fish's visual, auditory, and lateral line systems

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optic tectum

Front 36

motions

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cerebellum

Front 37

body functions

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medulla

Front 38

carries nerve impulses to and from brain

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Spinal Cord

Front 39

- Connects spinal cord with muscles
- Cranial Nerves

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Spinal Nerves

Front 40

Connect major sensory organs with the brain

Back 40

Cranial Nerves

Front 41

- Eggs are produced in ovaries, and sperm are produced in testes
- Fertilization occurs externally in most fish
- Spawning

Back 41

Reproduction System

Front 42

reproductive behavior of laying and fertilizing eggs

Back 42

Spawning

Front 43

Internal Anatomy of a Bony Fish:

Back 43

- Skeletal System
- Digestive System
- Circulatory System
- Respiratory System
- Excretory System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System