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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discovered that cork had little boxes within in 1665
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Robert Hooke
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Discovered cells in living things in 1673
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Concluded that plants contain cells in 1838
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Matthias Schleiden
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Concluded that animals contain cells in 1839
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Theodor Schwann
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Concluded that cells develop from other cells through mitosis in 1855
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Rudolf Virchow
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All living things are made or _ or ____ _____
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1 or more cells
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Cells are the basic units of _________ and ________ in organisms
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structure and function
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Cells come only from the ___________ __ ________ _____
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reproduction of existing cells
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Most cells are visible through a __________ only
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microscope
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Cells are limited by the ratio between the _____ _______ ____ and the ______ __ ___ ____
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outer surface area and the volume of the cell
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Cell shape varies with ____ ________
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cell function
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long and slender to allow for impulse transmissions
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Nerve cells
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flat to allow for covering
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Skin cells
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change shapes to allow for engulfing
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WBC
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parts of a cell with specific functions
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Organelles
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Small, spherical organelles that digests proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids. It can also digest old, worn-out organelles, bacteria & viruses
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Lysosome
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Large organelles scattered throughout the cytoplasm. It is referred to as the "Powerhouse". They are numerous in a cell and change organic compounds into energy.
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Mitochondria
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Fluid-filled organelles that store enzymes and wastes.
They are quite large in size and may make up 90% of cell’s volume |
Vacuoles
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Organelle of a cell responsible for processing, packaging, and secreting. They look like flattened sacs.
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Golgi apparatus (body)
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Controls the ease with which substances move in and out of the cell. It only allows select substances in and out of the cell
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Cell membrane
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Most numerous organelle. It does not have a membrane around the organelle. It is made of protein and RNA. It helps synthesis (produce) other proteins.It is found free in cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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Ribosome
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Hairlike organelles that extend from the surface of the cell and assist in moving the cell.
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Cilia and Flagella
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Found in plant cells. A rigid structure that lies outside of the cell membrane and supports and protects the cell
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Cell wall
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Found only in plant cells. Organelles surrounded by 2 membranes, contain DNA, some store starch or fats, and some have pigments
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Plastids
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- System of tubes and sacs
- Intracellular highway which moves molecules from one cell to another cell - Has ribosomes attached to it - Plentiful in cells that make a lot of proteins |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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- System of tubes and sacs
- Intracellular highway which moves molecules from one cell to another cell - No ribosomes attached - Produces steroids, regulates calcium, and breaks down toxins |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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- Region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- Contains cytosol- - Contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules - Contains all organelles |
Cytoplasm
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Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
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nuclear membrane
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- Spherical area inside the nucleus
- Site of ribosome production |
Nucleolus
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- lack a membrane-bound nucleus and/or membrane-bound organelles
- Are unicellular |
Prokaryotic cells
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- have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
- Found mostly in multicellular organisms |
Eukaryotic cells
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- Most prominent (obvious) structure in a eukaryotic cell
- Stores hereditary information in its DNA - Also contains RNA |
Nucleus
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