Biology I H - Chapter 25

Front 1

A nonliving particle composed of nucleic acid and a protein coat

Back 1

virus

Front 2

Viruses have a few positive uses:

Back 2

- They are used in genetic research because they can change how a cell functions
- Pharmaceutical companies use viruses to develop new antiviral medicines

Front 3

In Bacteria:
- Growth:
- Homeostasis:
- Metabolism:
- Mutation:
- Nucleic Acid:
- Reproduction:

Back 3

yes
yes
yes
yes
DNA
cell division

Front 4

In a Virus:
- Growth:
- Homeostasis:
- Metabolism:
- Mutation:
- Nucleic Acid:
- Reproduction:

Back 4

no
no
no
yes
DNA or DNA
cell division

Front 5

The cell structure of bacteria:

Back 5

- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Organelles

Front 6

The size of bacteria is:

Back 6

250nm in diameter

Front 7

The structure of a virus is:

Back 7

- Nucleic Acid: DNA or RNA; never both
- Protein coat called capsid
- Envelope (lipids) around capsid in some viruses (flu, herpes, HIV)
- Glycoproteins on envelope are used for attachment to host cell

Front 8

The size of a virus is:

Back 8

20nm to 250nm

Front 9

The shape of a virus is determined by ______ or _______ ____

Back 9

capsid or nucleic acid

Front 10

Grouping viruses are based on:

Back 10

- presence of a certain capsid structure and/or envelope
- presence of DNA or RNA
- whether nucleic acid is single-stranded or double-stranded

Front 11

Double stranded nucleic acid is ____ ______

Back 11

more stable

Front 12

Single stranded nucleic acid _______ _______

Back 12

mutates quicker

Front 13

smallest known particle that can replicate

Back 13

Viroid

Front 14

- Short, single strand of RNA
- No capsid
- Disrupt pant metabolism, killing crops

Back 14

Viroid

Front 15

abnormal forms of proteins that clump together inside a cell

Back 15

Prion

Front 16

- No nucleic acid
- Mad cow disease

Back 16

Prion

Front 17

Viruses depend on ____ _____ in order to replicate

Back 17

host cells

Front 18

- virus invades a host cell
- It produces new viruses
- It kills the host cell
- It releases new viruses
- Called virulent because it causes disease

Back 18

Lytic Cycle

Front 19

- virus invades a host cell
- It produces new viruses
- It stays in the host cell for an extended time
- Called temperate because it causes disease but dies not kill the host cell immediately

Back 19

Lysogenic Cycle

Front 20

Infectious Diseases cause by Viruses:

Back 20

- Common cold
- Chicken pox
- Measles
- Mumps
- Polio
- Rabies
- Hepatitis
- HIV-AIDS
- Flu
- Herpes

Front 21

Prevention and treatment of viruses:

Back 21

- Vaccinations
- Antiviral drugs
- Control of animals that spread disease

Front 22

preparation of pathogens or materials that stimulate the body's immune system

Back 22

Vaccine

Front 23

virus does not replicate in host

Back 23

Inactivated

Front 24

genetically altered virus; protection is greater and lasts

Back 24

Attenuated

Front 25

There are 2 types of vaccinations:

Back 25

- Inactivated
- Attenuated

Front 26

Drugs that interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis

Back 26

Antiviral drugs

Front 27

_____ are used for diseases such as herpes, chickenpox, HIV; does not cure

Back 27

Drugs

Front 28

___________ are of no use against viruses

Back 28

Antibiotics

Front 29

Emerging viruses:

Back 29

- Ebola
- Hantavirus

Front 30

Clearing of forests in Zaire

Back 30

Evola

Front 31

Pneumonia in SW U.S.

Back 31

Hantavirus

Front 32

Cancer genes may be triggered by certain _________ _______

Back 32

lysogenic viruses

Front 33

Cancers associated with cancer:

Back 33

- Cervical cancer: Human papilloma virus
- Liver cancer: linked to hepatitis virus
- Leukemia