Biology I H - Arthropods

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Arthropod means _______ ____."

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"jointed foot

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Characteristics of Arthropods:

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- Jointed appendages (legs and antennae)
- Exoskeleton that protects and supports; molts to grow
- High cephalization (concentration of nervous tissue •
and sensory organs at anterior end)

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Spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs

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Subphylum: Chelicerata

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Major group within the subphylum Chelicerta

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Class: Arachnids

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Includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, sea spider

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Class: Arachnids

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The body of arachnids are divided into 2 major parts:

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- Abdomin
- Cephalothorax

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_____________ includes 6 pairs of jointed appendages

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Cephalothorax

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Cephalothorax includes 6 pairs of jointed appendages:

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- Pair of chelicerae (pincher like mouth parts)
- Pair of pedipalps (aid in holding food)
- 4 pairs of walking legs

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Anatomy of a Spider:

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- Chelicerae
- 8 simple eyes
- Spinnerets
- Book lungs
- Malpighian tubules

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fangs, used to inject poison

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Chelicerae

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connected to silk glands; spin a web

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Spinnerets

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respiration; paired sacs

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Book lungs

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excretion

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Malpighian tubules

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Types of Spiders:

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- Black widow
- Brown widow
- Brown recluse

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female has bright red or orange hourglass shape on ventral surface of abdomen; Attacks nervous system

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Black widow

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violin-shaped mark on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax. Venom digests tissue surrounding the bite

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Brown recluse

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- Have large pincerlike pedipalps that they hold in forward position
- Larger stinger on last segment of abdomen
- Nocturnal

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Scorpians

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less than a millimeter in size; also known as chiggers; may feed on blood but usually live off of dead skin

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Mites

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live off of blood of host; carry bacteria; may cause Lyme Disease

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Ticks

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Centipedes, millipedes, insects

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Subphylum: Uniramia

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Millipedes

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Class: Diplopoda

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- Rounded bodies
- 2 pairs of legs on each segment except the last two.
- Poor vision but good sense of smell
- Secrete a noxious fluid that contains cyanide when threatened

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Millipedes

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- Flattened bodies
- One pair of legs per segment except for 1st and last 2 segments
- Poison claws used to capture prey

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Centipedes

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Centipedes

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Class: Chilopoda

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Three main body segments:

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Head- 1 pair of antennae
Thorax- 3 pairs of legs and possibly 1 or 2 pairs of wings
Abdomen

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Insects

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Class: Insecta

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Success of insects:

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- Exoskeleton
- Jointed appendages
- Small size

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Defense mechanisms:

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- Camoflage
- Stinging
- Release noxious chemicals
- Warning coloration

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Benefits of insects:

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- Pollination
- Serve as food for some animals
- Make valuable products such as honey

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Negative aspects of insects:

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- Compete for food
- Transmit diseases
- Destroy buildings

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- Nymph hatches from eggs
- Resembles adult but has no wings and undeveloped reproductive organs
- Molts several times to become an adult, can then reproduce
- Grasshopper, dragonfly, termite

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Incomplete Metamorphism

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- Wormlike larva hatches from egg
- Molts several times to become pupa
- Pupa molts to produce adult that does not look like pupa or larva
- Butterfly, moth

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Complete Metamorphism

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Extinct Organisms

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Class: Trilobites

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Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, crawfish, barnacles, water fleas

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Class: Crustacea

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THE CRAWFISH

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_

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has 5 pairs of legs

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Decapod

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2 major body sections:

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- Cephalothorax(head)
- Abodmen(tail)

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tough covering

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Carapace

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7th segment of abdomen; acts as a paddle; helps to propel •
crawfish backwards

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Telson

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touch, taste, and equilibrium (short, thin, center)

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Antennules

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touch, taste(long, thick, curve outward)

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Antenna

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chew food(the jaw)

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Mandible

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handle food, pull water in

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Maxilla

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handle food, touch, and taste

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Maxillipeds

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capture food, defense

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Chelipeds(claws)

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Crawfish Appendages:

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- Walking Legs
- Swimmerets
- Uropod

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locomotion

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Walking legs

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create water currents; transfer sperm(males); carry young(females)

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Swimmerets

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propels during tail flips; sides of the telson

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Uropod

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Body Systems of a Crawfish:

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- Digestion
- Respiration
- Circulation
- Excretion
- Nervous

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mandibles, mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, anus

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Digestion

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gills, walking legs

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Respiration

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open system; heart

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Circulation

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green glands-- excess water

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Excretion

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brain, ganglia, ventral nerve cord, compound eyes on short, movable stalks

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Nervous