Biology I H - Amphibians

Front 1

Characteristics of modern amphibians:

Back 1

- Undergo metamorphism (change from aquatic larval form to terrestrial adult form)
- Moist, thin skin; no scales
- Feet lack claws ; often webbed
- Use gills, lungs, and skin to breathe
- Eggs lack shells; external fertilization

Front 2

Orders of Amphibians:

Back 2

- Anura
- Urodela
- Apoda

Front 3

Includes frogs and toads

Back 3

Order Anura

Front 4

Frogs have _____, ______ skin

Back 4

moist, smooth

Front 5

Toads have _____, _____ skin

Back 5

rough, bumpy

Front 6

Anuran means “________”

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tailless

Front 7

Anura are __________

Back 7

carnivores

Front 8

Anura have ______, ________ jumping legs

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strong, muscular

Front 9

Includes salamanders and newts

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Order Urodela

Front 10

have long bodies and tails, and moist skin

Back 10

Salamanders

Front 11

are like salamanders except smaller in size

Back 11

Newts

Front 12

Included caecilian

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Order Apoda

Front 13

legless amphibians that resemble snakes

Back 13

Caecilians

Front 14

Live in tropical regions

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Order Apoda

Front 15

Caecilians are _ft to __ft

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1ft to 4.5ft

Front 16

External Anatomy of Frogs:

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- Mucus Glands
- Granular Glands
- Nictitating Membrane
- Tympanic Membrane

Front 17

- Makes skin feel slimy
- Provides a lubricant that keeps skin moist in air

Back 17

Mucus Glands

Front 18

Secrete foul-tasting substance

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Granular Glands

Front 19

Transparent membrane that covers the eye of the frog when under water

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Nictitating Membrane

Front 20

Eardrum

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Tympanic membrane

Front 21

- Pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hips) girdles transfer the weight of the body to the limbs.
- Cervical vertebrae at the anterior end of the spine allow for neck movement.
- Strong hind legs are used for jumping.
- Strong forelimbs absorb the shock of a jump

Back 21

Skeletal System

Front 22

________ and ______ _______ transfer the weight of the body to the limbs

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Pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hips) girdles

Front 23

Cervical vertebrae at the anterior end of the spine allow for ____ ________

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neck movement

Front 24

Strong hind legs are used for _______

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jumping

Front 25

______ _________ absorb the shock of a jump

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Strong forelimbs

Front 26

- Pulmonary
- Systemic

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Circulatory System

Front 27

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and then returns oxygenated blood to the heart

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Pulmonary

Front 28

carries oxygenated blood from heart to muscles and organs, and then brings deoxygenated blood to heart

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Systemic

Front 29

Have a _-_________ heart

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`3-chambered

Front 30

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the _____ _______, a collecting chamber on the dorsal, right side of the heart

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SINUS VENOSUS

Front 31

Blood enters the _____ ______

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RIGHT ATRIUM

Front 32

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the ____ ______

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LEFT ATRIUM

Front 33

Contraction of the ATRIA forces blood into the single _________, the pumping chamber of the heart, at separate times

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VENTRICLE

Front 34

Blood leaves the VENTRICLE and enters the _____ __________, which directs oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. (A valve in the CA stops bloods from mixing here.)

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CONUS ARTERIOSUS

Front 35

______ __________ use gills and skin to breathe

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Larval amphibians

Front 36

_____ __________ use lungs and skin to breathe

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Adult amphibians

Front 37

breathing using lungs

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Pulmonary respiration

Front 38

breathing using skin

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Cutaneous respiration

Front 39

________ (_____) open into the mouth and regulate flow of air

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Nostrils (nares)

Front 40

Path of Digestion:

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- Pharynx (throat)
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Cloaca

Front 41

At the end of the stomach is the _______ _________

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PYLORIC SPINCHTER

Front 42

a muscle that relaxes to allow food to move from the stomach to the small intestine

Back 42

PYLORIC SPINCHTER

Front 43

The first part of the small intestine is the ________; the second part is the _____

Back 43

DUODENUM; ILEUM

Front 44

a clear membrane that holds the intestines in place

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MESENTERY

Front 45

a cavity that collects indigestible waste from the large intestine as well as urine from the kidneys and sex cells from the gonads

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CLOACA

Front 46

Waste exits through an opening called a ____

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VENT

Front 47

Frogs also have a _____, ____ _______, and ________ that break down food

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liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Front 48

The _______ are the primary excretory organs

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kidneys

Front 49

The bladder serves as a _____-_______ _____. During dry periods, water may be drawn out of the urine in the bladder

Back 49

water-storage organ

Front 50

PARTS OF BRAIN:

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- OLFACTORY LOBE
- CEREBRUM
- OPTIC
- CEREBELLUM
- MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Front 51

smell

Back 51

olfactory lobe

Front 52

learning

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cerebrum

Front 53

sight

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optic

Front 54

muscular coordination

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cerebellum

Front 55

connects brain and spinal cord; control heart rate and breathing

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medulla oblongata

Front 56

- brain
- spinal cord and nerves

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Nervous System

Front 57

Frogs are either ____ or ______

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male or female

Front 58

Males produce sperm in ______. Sperm exit through the ______

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testes; cloaca

Front 59

Females store eggs in ________. Eggs exit through the ______

Back 59

ovaries; cloaca

Front 60

Fertilization occurs __________

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externally

Front 61

Fertilization occurs in the ______

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spring

Front 62

Males use _____ ____ to amplify their calls to females

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vocal sacs

Front 63

Females respond only to calls of males from same _______

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species

Front 64

embrace of female by male; squeezes abdomen which forces release of eggs; males covers eggs with sperm

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Amplexus

Front 65

After fertilization, they ________ and ______ ________ _____

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separate and resume solitary lives

Front 66

Often ___ parent remain with fertilized eggs until they hatch

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one

Front 67

males swallow eggs; store in vocal sacs until hatched; yawn up tadpoles

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Darwin Frogs