Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a gene?
|
A gene is the functional unit of heredity
A. The code for a specific protein/RNA (information) B. The region of DNA that contains that code (structure) C. The trait caused by a certain code/protein |
|
|
What are the Types/Roles of RNA?
|
1.mRNA; messenger RNA- carries genetic info from nucleus to ribosome 2.rRNA; ribosomal RNA- forms part of ribosomal structure 3.tRNA; transfer RNA-attaches appropriate amino acid to growing polypeptide; translates the genetic code
4.RNA is single stranded; U replaces T; ribose sugar |
|
|
What 2 processes turn DNA to Protein?
|
1. Transcription: Production of RNA from info in DNA
2. Translation: Production of protein from info in RNA |
|
|
What is the genetic code?
|
DNA base sequences that codes for amino acid sequences in the protein.
|
|
|
What is transcription?
|
RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to form RNA,
DNA unzipped by RNA polymerase, New RNA strand built from RNA nucleotides, RNA editing |
|
|
What are introns?
|
An intron is a DNA region within a gene that is not translated into protein.
|
|
|
What are exons?
|
A sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis that is transcribed to messenger RNA.
|
|
|
What are codons?
|
Codons are complimentary to base triplets in the DNA
--mRNA base “triplet” for each amino acid |
|
|
What are anticodons?
|
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
|
|
|
What are mutations?
|
Mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
|
|
|
What are 3 types of mutations?
|
a. Deletion
b. Insertion c. Base-pair substitution |
|
|
What are the causes of mutation?
|
a. Transposable elements- segments of DNA that move within chromosome.
b. During DNA replication c. Environmental agents |
|
|
What are stop and start codons?
|
Start & stop codons in initiating & terminating protein synthesis, respectively,
during the process of translating messenger RNA codons |
