Biology I - Biotechnology & Cloning

Front 1

Cystic fibrosis is a dominant allele. Forty years ago people with the disease died as children (4-6 yrs). Now with modern medicine children live to at 35-40. This menas that the disease will probably become ___

Back 1

more common

Front 2

Two broad categories therapy would include ___

Back 2

germ-line gene therapy and somatic cell therapy

Front 3

The alteration of non-reproductive body cells would be called ____

Back 3

somatic cell gene therapy

Front 4

The resulting genetic changes will be passed on to the patient's offspring only in ___

Back 4

germ-line gene therapy

Front 5

A vector is simply a transporter for the genetic material that allows it to enter the target cell. TorF

Back 5

True

Front 6

What would not be used as a vector?

Back 6

proetins

Front 7

What allows a vector to penetrate the cell?

Back 7

protein outer protective viral coat

Front 8

The type of cell that a given virus will infect is determined by the ___

Back 8

protein outer protective viral coat

Front 9

When scientists retain the outer viral coat, but modify the inner genetic material what is true...?

Back 9

They remove the harmful genes and replace them with the therapeutic ones, not the virus is pathogenically disabled and incapable of reproducing itself, however, it retains its capability to transfer its genetic material to the cells for that its outer coat reacts with.

Front 10

The transfer of genetic material by way of viral vector is called

Back 10

transduction

Front 11

Retroviruses tend...

Back 11

not to be very harmful to the cell, are safer than viral vectors that are deactivated, most retroviruses target actively dividing cells, and are ideal for the treatment of rapidly dividing tumor cells.

Front 12

The correct order of events for introducing genetic information into a tumor cell is...

Back 12

virus particles containing a novel gene are incubated with mouse cells in a dish, the virus particles infect the mouse cells, the mouse cells become virus producer cells, producer cells are injected directly into the tumor, viruses released by producer cells invade..., and virus particles containing a novel gene are incubated with mouse cells in a dish.

Front 13

Adenoviral vectors send their dna to the nucleus, but DNA does not get incorporated into the host cell's chromosomes. TorF

Back 13

True

Front 14

Because the viral adenovirus RNA has a finite lifetime within the cell before it is degraded, the added genes are effective only temporarily. Treatments need to be repeated periodically. TorF

Back 14

True

Front 15

Small, hollow spheres of fatty molecules that are capable of carrying DNA inside of them and can fuse with the cell membrane, releasing its contents into the cell interior are called...

Back 15

liposomes

Front 16

Principal ways in which vectors can be administered to carry new genes into target cells...

Back 16

ex vivo somatic gene, in situ gene therapy, and ex vivo somatic gene.

Front 17

The technique used in cloning Dolly, and also possibly cloning a mammoth, is called nuclear transfer technology. TorF

Back 17

True

Front 18

The correct order of events for introducing genetic information from one kind of sheep into a different kind of sheep is...

Back 18

Epithelial cells are plucked from the udder of a white faced ewe, an egg from the same species, black faced ewe, is removed and its nucleus removed, the udder cell and empty egg are placed together and fused, this combines the nucleus and egg cytoplasm together, then the blastula is implanted..., and the result of this is a duplicate of the donor organism.

Front 19

Because the recipient egg has MRNA and many organelles in its cytoplasm unfamiliar to the introduced nucleus, the clone may be slightly different from the donor. TorF

Back 19

True

Front 20

Artificial embryo splitting or embryo twinning is true cloning? TorF

Back 20

True

Front 21

Dolly's early death due to respiratory infection is now believed to be unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process. TorF

Back 21

True

Front 22

The first hybrid human clone was created from a man's leg cell, and a cow's egg whose DNA was removed. It was destroyed after 12 days before it could implant. TorF

Back 22

True

Front 23

Cloning a Mammoth with an Asian elephant might be accomplished by...

Back 23

using sperm from a frozen mammoth, nuclear transfer, and DNA transfer from a mammoth.

Front 24

The poorest countries are over populated and are dominated by one of the three sister religions that encourage large families. TorF

Back 24

True

Front 25

AA + 2Aa + aa = 1. The pairs of letters represent three genotypes can mate with each other in a population. TorF

Back 25

False

Front 26

All the alleles in the population equal...

Back 26

A+a=1

Front 27

Biotechnology includes recombinant DNA where DNA has some gens from different organism. TorF

Back 27

True

Front 28

Large amounts of recombinant DNA may be reproduced in ___ and then transferred to other organisms

Back 28

yeasts, bacteria, and viruses.

Front 29

Biotechnology is important in which areas?

Back 29

criminal forensics, agriculture, medicine, and human genome project.

Front 30

Transformation occurs when living bacteria take in___

Back 30

genes or fragments of DNA

Front 31

The percentage of genetically modified or altered agricultural crops today, like corn, cotton and soybeans make up at least 80%, 86% and 90% what's grown today. TorF

Back 31

True

Front 32

In finger printing with DNA humans have over 3 billion nucleotides of which aobut .1% that differ between individuals. These differences can be used to identify individuals. TorF

Back 32

True

Front 33

Finger printing involves using specific endonuclei (from bacteria) to chop/slice up the DNA into different lenghts and then comparing these lenghts using electrophoresis. TorF

Back 33

True