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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Arthritis?
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Swelling or degeneration of the synovial joints.
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What is the most common type of Arthritis?
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Osteoarthritis. Although there are over 100 different types.
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What is Osteoarthritis?
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Most common type of Arthritis. Results in breakdown of cartilage. Degenerative.
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What are the relevant anatomy of posture?
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Spine, Muscles and Pelvic and Pectoral girdle
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What is the "ideal" spine?
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One that curves in 3 places, cervical, thoracic and lumbar.
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What are the angular movements of the body?
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Flex opposite extension. Abduction and adduction. Dorsiflexion opposite plantar flexion.
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What are the special angular movements?
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Inversion and eversion. Protraction and retraction. Elevation and depression.
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What are the classification of joints based off movements?
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Synathrosis-no movement. Amphiarthrosis- slight movement.
Diarthrosis- lots of movement. |
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What are the classification of joints based off structure?
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Fibrous joint, synovial joints, symphsis aka fibrocartilage
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What are the characteristics of fibrous joints
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Lacks joint cavity, connects articulating bones, dense regular or dense irregular connective tissue, slight or no movement.
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What are the different kinds of fibrous joints?
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Suture-binds cranial bones, synchondroses-ribs, Gomphosis-teeth
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What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
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Lacks a joint cavity, binds bone to bone, hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage and limited movement
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What types of joints are connected by cartilage?
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syndesmoses- distal end of tibia and fibia. Symphysis-vertebrae.
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What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
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Complex architecture, joint activity with synovial fluid, ligaments support the articulating bones, dense regular connective tissue, FREE MOVEMENT.
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What are the classifications of synovial joints?
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Uniaxial, multiaxial, biaxial.
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What are the types of synovial joints?
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The different typs are Gliding-vertebre, Hinge-knee, pivot- where radius meets ulna, Condyloid- radiocarpal joint, Saddle- tumb, ball and socket- hip.
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Name the articulating surface features of the bone.
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Condyle, facet, head.
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Name the non-articulating surface features of the bone.
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Crest, epicondyle and process.
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Name the drepression or opening surface features of the bone.
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Aveolus, fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus and sulcus.
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What is a condyle?
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A large rounded knob on the bone.
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What is a facet?
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A flattened or shallow part of the bone.
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What is a head? hint surface features of a bone
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Prominent rounded end of a bone.
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What is a crest? hint surface features of a bone
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Narrow ridge-like projection
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What is a epicondyle?
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A projection adjacent to a condyle.
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What is a process?
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Any marked bony prominence.
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What is an aveolus?
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A deep pit or socket.
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What is a fissure?
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A narrow-slit like opening.
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What is the function of the skeletal system?
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Support, protection, body movement, hemopoesis and mineral storage
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What is the function of cartilage?
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Support, provide a model for bone growth and smooth bone to bone connections
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
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Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage.
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What the chonrocytes?
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cells of cartilage, the matrix there in is either collagen or sulfates
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What does chrondrotin provide to cartilage?
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The elasticity
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What is Glucosamine sulfate thought to do in regard to cartilage?
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Its an amino acid thought to help with cartilage formation and repair.
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What are 2 types of bone tissue?
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Compact and spongy.
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What are the 4 types of bone cells?
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Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and osteogenic cells.
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What are the 2 types of embryological bone growth?
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Endochondral and intremembranous.
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What is Endchondral bone growth?
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It is when cartilage cells become osteoblasts. Meaning cartilage becomes bone.
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What is intramembranous bone formation?
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No cartilage intermediary. Where the bone grows from the epiphysis plate.
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What is the anatomical position?
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Standing upright, feet together, hands and palms directing forward.
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Sagittal
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left and right parts.
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Coronal
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Front to back
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Transverse
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Top to bottom
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Anterior vs Posterior
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Anterior-towards front. Posterior-towards rear
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Superior vs inferior
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Superior- towards head. Inferior-away from head
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Lateral vs Medial
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Lateral-towards side. Medial-towards midline
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Proximal vs Distal
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Proximal-closer to center than reference point. Distal-farther away than reference point.
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Superficial vs Deep
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Superficial- towards surface. Deep-away from surface
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Name the body regions in anatomical terms. Ex. neck is cervical.
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Answer is on slide 29 on lecture 1 ppt. Or in Lab workbook pg 7.
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What are the anterior body cavities?
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Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic.
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What are the posterior body cavities?
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Cranial and vertebrae.
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What the 2 types of membranes? Briefly describe them.
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Serous membrane-thin, cushions and lubricates.Mucous membrane- thick, covers parts of the body that have opening to outside of the body.
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What are the main features of a prototypical cell?
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Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Name the body regions in anatomical terms. Ex. neck is cervical.
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Answer is on slide 29 on lecture 1 ppt. Or in Lab workbook pg 7.
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What are the anterior body cavities?
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Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic.
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What are the posterior body cavities?
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abdominal and pelvic.
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What the 2 types of membranes? Briefly describe them.
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Serous membrane-thin, cushions and lubricates.Mucous membrane- thick, covers parts of the body that have opening to outside of the body.
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What are the main features of a prototypical cell?
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Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
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What are stages of Mitosis? Briefly describe each.
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Interphase-DNA is replicated. Pro phase- chromosomes first appear, nuclear membrane disappears. Metaphase- chromosomes appear to be lined in the middle. Anaphase- sister chromatids start to split and pull apart from each other. Telophase- chromosomes halves arrive at opposite ends of cell.
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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
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Mitosis-regular cell division results in new cells. Meiosis- special cell division results in new sperm or egg cells.
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What is gastrulation?
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Process by which 3 germ layers develop. Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Once 3 germ layers are made it is called an embryo.
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Ectoderm turns in what?
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Skin and nervous system
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Mesoderm turns into what?
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Connective, muscle and epithelial systems.
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Endoderm turns into what?
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larynx. lungs and digestive tract.
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What are the 4 major tissue types?
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Epithial, connective, muscle and nervous.
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What is the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
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Has a basement membrane, high regenerative ability, mostly composed of cells and lacks blood vessels.
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What is the function of Connective tissue?
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Support, protect and connect.(Living cells in a non-living matrix)
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What is the function of muscle tissue?
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To allow movement.
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What are the functions of the epithelial tissue?
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Protection, sensation, secretion and filter.
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What are the 2 types of glands? Briefly describe each.
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Endocrine- ductless, goes into bloodstream. Exocrine- has ducts, goes into body cavities or outside of body.
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What types of connective tissue are there?
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Loose, adipose, dense regular or irregular, cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic), bone and blood.
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According to cell theory what must cells do?
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Grow, make stuff and replicate.
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2 ways cell die are what?
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Necrosis- killing of cells results in inflammation. Aptosis- programmed cell death no inflammation.
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