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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis occurs in the ________ |
Cytoplasm/Cytosol |
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The Krebs Cycle occurs in the ___________ |
Matrix of the mitochondria |
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They are hydrogen carriers for ATP synthesis and are formed in the Krebs Cycle |
NADH and FADH2 |
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What is the hydrogen carrier during glycolysis? |
NADH |
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1 NADH = __ ATP |
3 |
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1 FADH2 = __ ATP |
2 |
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Pain and cramps in oxygen starved muscles are caused by _________ _______ buildup |
Lactic Acid |
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The _______ microscope shows the greatest details of cells |
Electron |
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Mitochondria |
A structure that produces cellular energy |
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Ribosomes |
Structures responsible for protein synthesis |
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Lysosomes |
Contains enzymes used for cellular digestion |
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Nucleiod Area |
Structure found only in prokaryotic cells |
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VanLeeuWeenHoek |
Discovered microorganisms |
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Cell Walls |
In plant cells, not in animal cells |
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Chloroplasts |
Trap light energy and change it into chemical energy |
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Nucleus |
Involved in cell reproduction |
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What are Variations? |
Genetic differences between related individual within a species |
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Taxonomy |
Dealing with classifying organisms |
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Polymorphism |
Describes the physical differences between male and female mammals |
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When does geographic variation occur? |
When a species occupies a large range that includes distinct local environments |
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What do homologous structures show? |
Related ancestry |
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What kingdom do prokaryotes make up? |
Monera |
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What kingdom are all bacteria? |
Monerans (have two main groups, eubacteria and archaea) |
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The Linnean System |
Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus,Species |
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What is the cell cycle? |
A series of stages involving DNA replication and cell division |
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What does the cell cycle result in? |
Two daughter cells |
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What are the cell cycle phases? |
G1,S,G2,M(Mitosis) and cytokinesis |
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What happens during G1 and G2? |
Growth, protein synthesis, RNA and macromolecule production |
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What happens during the S phase? |
DNA is replicated |
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What happens during the M phase? |
The sorting and distributing of chromosomes |
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What happens during cytokinesis? |
A division of the cell |
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What is phase G0? |
A stopping point in phase G1 |
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DNA Replication |
Occurs at replication forks, uses DNA polymerase which can only work in one direction, nitrogen bases are added at replication forks, errors can be corrected using DNA ligase and proofreader enzymes, the DNA strand is not dissembled when correcting errors |
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M Phase |
Double chromosomes are each chromatids held together by a centromere, chromosomes can easily be recognized and counted, after this phases the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
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Phases of Mitosis(M Phase) |
Prophase - Nuclear membrane breaks down Metaphase - Chromatids line up along the equator Anaphase - Sister chromatids separate Telophase - Nuclear Membrane Reappears |
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Cytokinesis |
Division of cells after mitosis |
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What is the function of tRNA? |
To transport amino acids to mRNA |
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How is the sequence of RNA determined? |
By the base sequence of the original DNA template strand |
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What does mRNA carry? |
A specific genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
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What does tRNA carry? |
Amino acids to the ribosomes |
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What provides mRNA a place to attach? |
Ribosomes |
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The Sequence of Protein Synthesis |
DNA-mRNA-tRNA-Polypeptide |
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Gamete Formation |
Chromosome number goes from diploid to haploid |
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Fertilization |
Chromosome number goes from haploid to diploid |
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What are paired chromosome referred to as? |
Homologous chromosomes |
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What does crossing over ensure? |
That paternal and maternal genes are mixed in each homologous pair |
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Phases of Meiosis |
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2 |
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Prophase 1 (Meiosis) |
Homologous chromosome pair and cross over |
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Anaphase 1 (Meiosis) |
Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles |
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In terrestrial environments, plants are ________ by sunlight |
Not limited |
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The Nitrogen Cycle |
Bacteria are engaged in nitrification and denitrification, bacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation, plants require ammonia or nitrates for their metabolism |
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Passage of Blood Through the Human Heart |
Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Lungs, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Body, Back to Right Atrium |
