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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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Is the branch of biology that focuses on the inheritance of traits.
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Pollen grains
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Small sacs that mature in the male reproductive structure of the plant.
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Phenotype
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The observable characteristics of an individual, due to its alleles
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Parental generation and F1
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The adults used in an initial experimental cross. Their progenies (offspring) are called the F1 generation.
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Dominant
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Will dominate over the recessive trait (not more common or better then recessive ones)
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Alleles
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Different Versions of the same gene
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Genotype
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Alleles that are found in a particular individual. An individuals genotype has a profound effect on its phenotype.
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Phenotype
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its physical traits. The appearance of an orgranism due to its alleles
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karyotype
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An organisms total compliment of chromosomes.
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Principle of segregation
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The two alleles of each gene must seperate into different gamete cells during the formation of eggs and sperm
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Homozygote
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A diploid organism with two indentical alleles for a gene
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Heterozygote
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A diploid organism with two different alleles for a gene
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Dihybrid cross
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A mating between parents that are both heterozygous for two traits is called a
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Transmission genetics
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The patterns that occur as alleles pass from one generation to the next
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Wild type
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most commmon phenotype
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Translocations
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When a piece of one chromosome ends up on another, not homologous one within the genome
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Deletions
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A part of the genetic material is lost from a chromosome.
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Incomplete dominance
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Intermediate phenotype in F1, parental phenotypes reappear in F2. The flowers of the snapdragon plant can be red, pink, or white. Color is determined at a single locus. The genotype RR results in red flowers and rr results in white flowers. The heterozygote genotype of Rr results in pink flowers. When the heterozygote has a different, intermediate phenotype compared to the homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individuals, this is said to be incomplete dominance.
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Codominance
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ABO Blood The situation in which two different alleles for a trait are expressed unblended in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals. Neither allele is dominant or recessive, so that both influence the phenotype. Type AB Blood is an example. Such traits are said to be codominant
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Polygentic
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one trait has many genes; the number of contributing alleles an individual has determines phenotype; as in human height, fingerprint, ridge count and skin pigmentation
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simple dominance
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one gene with two alleles codes for a trait and one allele is expressed over the other when both are present in heterozygotes
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epistasis
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two genes code for a phenotype and interactions between genes effect expression of trait; coat color in rats is an example.
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Helicase
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Catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between nucleotides. Open double helix
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Strain
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is a population of genetically identical individuals
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virulence
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strains ability to cause disease and death
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