Biology Gas Exchange

Front 1

Inhalation/Inspiration

Back 1

Breathing in, the muscles of the diaphragm contract.

Pulls the diaphragm downwards, increases the volume in the thorax.

Front 2

Exhalation/Expiration

Back 2

Breathing out, the muscles of the diaphragm relax, diaphragm springs back up into its domed shape.

Decreases the volume in the thorax.

Front 3

Larynx

Back 3

Voice Box.

A cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea

Front 4

Trachea

Back 4

From the nose or mouth the air then passes into the windpipe or trachea.

At the top, piece of cartilage called epiglottis, it close the trachea and stops the food going down when you swallow .

Front 5

C-shaped cartilage

Back 5

Prevent it from collapsing and they keep the trachea open for air to come in and out.

Front 6

Bonchus/bronchi

Back 6

In the thorax, trachea divides into two.

Two branches are called the right and left bronchi.

One bronchus goes to each lung and then branches out into smaller tubes called bronchioles.

Front 7

Ciliated cell

Back 7

Specialized cells lining the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.

Moves the mucus up out of the lungs.

Front 8

Goblet cell

Back 8

Specialized cells lining the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.

Makes more mucus.

Front 9

Bronchioles

Back 9

Very small air tubes int eh respiratory system.

The walls of the bronchiolesare made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) tohelp regulate air flow.

Front 10

Gas exchange surface/respiratory surface

Back 10

One gas is entering and the other leaving.

Front 11

Ribs

Back 11

Curved bones attached to the vertebral column.

Supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.

Front 12

Rib cage

Back 12

Protection of the heart and lungs in the chest area and upper abdomen.

A vital role in the breathing mechanism, as it can expand and contract with the help of respiratory muscles and diaphragm.

Front 13

Intercostal muscles

Back 13

Muscles between the ribs which raise the ribcage by contracting and lower it by relaxing.

Front 14

Diaphragm

Back 14

A large sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity.

Front 15

Gas exchange

Back 15

Process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide (the respiratory gases) move in opposite directions across an organism's respiratory membranes, between the air or water of the external environment and the body fluids of the internal environment.

Front 16

Inhaled air (percentages)

Back 16

Oxygen 21

Carbon dioxide 0.04

Nitrogen 79

Front 17

Exhaled air (percentages)

Back 17

Oxygen 16

Carbon dioxide 4

Nitrogen 79

Front 18

Lung cancer

Back 18

normal growth of cells that affect the organ.

Tumor

Front 19

Emphysema

Back 19

Condition in which bronchioles collapse, leaving large spaces where surface area for gas exchange used to be.

Front 20

Bronchitis

Back 20

Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that damage these cells, leading to a build-up of mucus and a smoker’s cough. Smoke irritates the bronchi, causing bronchitis.

Front 21

Nicotine

Back 21

addictive, increase blood pressure.

Front 22

Carbon monoxide

Back 22

affects hemoglobin (red blood cell)

Front 23

Tar

Back 23

white blood cells damage alveoli.

Front 24

Alveoli

Back 24

Alveoli are the site of gas exchangein the respiratory system.