Biology Freshman Ma - Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

acid

Back 1

any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7 (cell chemistry)

Hint 1

chap 6 p 154 (chemistry of life

Front 2

atom

Back 2

smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter. (cell chemistry)

Hint 2

chap 6 p 146 (chemistry of life

Front 3

base

Back 3

any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7. (cell chemistry)

Hint 3

chap 6 p 154 (chemistry of life

Front 4

compound

Back 4

substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined (cell chemistry)

Hint 4

chap 6 p 149 (chemistry of life

Front 5

covalent bond

Back 5

chemical bond formed when two atoms combine by sharing electrons (cell chemistry)

Hint 5

chap 6 p 150 (chemistry of life

Front 6

element

Back 6

substand that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances. (cell chemistry)

Hint 6

chap 6 p 145 (chemistry of life

Front 7

ion

Back 7

atom or groups of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has a positive or negative electrical charge. (cell chemistry)

Hint 7

chap 6 p 151 (chemistry of life

Front 8

ion bond

Back 8

chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge. (cell chemistry)

Hint 8

chap 6 p 151 (chemistry of life

Front 9

isotope

Back 9

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. (cell chemistry)

Hint 9

chap 6 p 148 (chemistry of life

Front 10

metabolism

Back 10

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. (cell chemistry)

Hint 10

chap 6 p 151 (chemistry of life

Front 11

mixture

Back 11

combination of substances in which individual components do not combine chemically and retain their own properties. (cell chemistry)

Hint 11

chap 6 p 152 (chemistry of life

Front 12

molecule

Back 12

group of atomes held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge. (cell chemistry)

Hint 12

chap 6.1 p 150 (chemistry of life

Front 13

nucleus

Back 13

postively chaged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charge protons, and surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. in eukaryotic cells, then central membrand-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA. (cell chemistry)

Hint 13

chap 6.1 p 147 (chemistry of life and chap 7.1

Front 14

pH

Back 14

measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; thescale ranges from 0-14; solution with pH of 7 is neutral; above 7, basic, and below 7, acidic

Hint 14

chap 6.1 p 154 (chemistry of life

Front 15

solution

Back 15

mixture in which one or more substance (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) (cell chemistry)

Hint 15

chap 6.1 p 153 (chemistry of life

Front 16

diffusion

Back 16

net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution. (chap 6.2 (water and diffusion)

Hint 16

chap 6.2 (water and diffusion) pg 159

Front 17

dynamic equilibrium

Back 17

result fo diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles by no overall change in concentration (chap 6.2 (water and diffusion)

Hint 17

chap 6.2 (water and diffusion) pg 159

Front 18

hydrogen bond

Back 18

weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of postively charge hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms. (chap 6.2 (water and diffusion)

Hint 18

chap 6.2 (water and diffusion) pg 159

Front 19

polar molecule

Back 19

molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule haveing a postive end and a negative end. (chap 6.2 (water and diffusion)

Hint 19

chap 6.2 (water and diffusion)

Front 20

amino acid

Back 20

basic building blocks of protein molecules (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 20

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 165

Front 21

carbohydrate

Back 21

organic compond used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 21

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 162

Front 22

enzyme

Back 22

type of protein found in all living thengs that increases the rate of chemical reactions. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 22

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 165

Front 23

isomer

Back 23

compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structrues resulting in different physical and chemical properties. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 23

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 162

Front 24

lipid

Back 24

organic compunds commonly call fats and oils; are insoluble in water and used by cells for long-term energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membrances. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 24

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 164

Front 25

nucleic acid

Back 25

complex macromolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store genetic information in cells in the form of a code. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 25

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 167

Front 26

nucleotide

Back 26

subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phospate group, and a nitrogent base (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 26

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 167

Front 27

peptide bond

Back 27

covalent bond formed between amino acids. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 27

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 165

Front 28

polymer

Back 28

large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 28

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 162

Front 29

protein

Back 29

large, comploex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur; provides structure ofr issues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism. (chap 6.3 (life substances)

Hint 29

chap 6.3 (life substances) pg 164