Biology Fourth Test

Front 1

Bones are a few things:
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

mineral reservoirs, skeletal muscle's partners, & sites where blood cells form

Hint 1

M__ R__
S__ M__'s P__
S__ ___ B__ C__ F__

Front 2

Bones move when _____ muscles contract.

Back 2

skeletal

Front 3

The ________ is the basic unit of contraction

Back 3

sacromere

Front 4

In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP activate

Back 4

myosin

Front 5

ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by ________

Back 5

aerobic respiration, glycolysis, and creatine phosphate breakdown

Front 6

A digestive system functions in

Back 6

Secreting enyzymes, absorbing compounds, and eliminating wastes

Front 7

Protein digestion begins in the ______.

Back 7

stomach

Front 8

Most nutrients are absorbed in the ________.

Back 8

small intestine

Front 9

Bile has roles in ______ digestion and absorption

Back 9

fat

Front 10

Monosaccharides and amino acids are both absorbed from the gut _____

Back 10

at membrane proteins

Front 11

The largest number of bacteria thrive in the

Back 11

large intestines

Front 12

_______ are inorganic substances with metabolic roles that no other substance can fill.

Back 12

minerals

Front 13

Cells directly exchange substances with ________.

Back 13

interstitial fluid

Front 14

All vertebrates have ________.

Back 14

closed circulatory system

Front 15

Which are not found in the blood

Back 15

plasma, blood cells and platelets, and gasses & dissolved substances

Front 16

A person who has blood type O _________.

Back 16

can donate blood to a person of any type

Front 17

In the blood, most oxygen is transported

Back 17

in red blood cells and bound to hemoglobin

Front 18

Blood flows directly from the left atrium to ______.

Back 18

the left ventricle

Front 19

Contraction of the ___________ drives the flow of blood through the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Back 19

ventricles

Front 20

Blood pressure is highest in the _____ and lowest in the ______.

Back 20

arteries, veins

Front 21

At rest, the largest volume of blood is in the _____.

Back 21

veins

Front 22

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

Back 22

filters out pathogens, returns fluid to the circulatory system, helps certain white blood cells mature

Front 23

_____ are signaling molecules released from one type of cell that can alter target cell activities.

Back 23

hormones, neurotransmitters, pheromones, and local signaling molecules

Front 24

ADH and oxytocin are hormones produced in the hypothalamus but distributed from the ______.

Back 24

posterior lobe of pituitary

Front 25

Overproduction of ______ causes gigantism.

Back 25

somatotropin

Front 26

Which do not stimulate hormone secretions?

Back 26

neural signals, local chemical changes, hormonal signals, and environmental cues

Front 27

____ lowers blood sugar levels; ____ raises it.

Back 27

insulin and glucagen

Front 28

The pituitary detects rising hormone concentration in blood and inhibits the gland secreting the hormone. This is ______ feedback

Back 28

negative

Front 29

The ____ has endocrine and exocrine functions

Back 29

pancreas

Front 30

A freshwater fish gains most of its water by

Back 30

osmosis

Front 31

Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of a nephron, is located in the

Back 31

kidney cortex

Front 32

Fluid filtered into Bowman's capsule flows directly into the

Back 32

proximal tubule

Front 33

Water and small solutes from blood enter nephrons during _______.

Back 33

filtration and tubular secretion

Front 34

Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes back to the blood by way of ______.

Back 34

tubular reabsorption

Front 35

ADH binds to receptors on distal tubules and collecting ducts making them ______ permeable to _______.

Back 35

more; water

Front 36

Increased sodium reabsorption at distal tubules ________.

Back 36

will make urine more concentrated