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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Any foreign invader that triggers an immune response
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Antigen
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Proteins made by living cells that are shaped like the anti gen
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Antibodies
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Where do T-cells mature?
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In the thymus
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Where do B-cells mature?
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in the Bone Marrow
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Cell medicated uses what type of cells?
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T-cells
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Humoral immunity uses what type of cells? what are the antibodies shaped like?
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B- cells ; y's
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What are the four 1st line defenses?
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-skin
-mucus membranes -hairs -secretions like lysosymes |
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What are the five parts of the 2nd line of defense?
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-Phagotcitic White blood cells
-Natural Killer Cells -Interferon - Complement System - Inflammatory Response |
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6 steps of an Inflammatory Response
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1. Histamine is released
2. Local Vasodilation 3. Signals phagocitic WBC's 4. More WBC"s to area 5. Local Temperature increases 6. Fever |
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uterine wall =
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endometrium
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Describe the difference between innate defense and the immune system?
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Innate= nonspecific
Immune=specific |
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Phases of menstruation
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Menstruation
Follicular Phase Ovulation Luteal Phase |
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What is the main function of excretory system?
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to remove metabolic waste
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What are the three steps in forming urine?
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Filtration
Secretion Reabsorption |
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Four stages of food processing?
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1. Ingestion
2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Elimination |
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5 Characteristics of all plants
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1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotic 3. Photosyntehtic 4. Autotrophs 5. Nearly all are terrestrial (some exceptions) |
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Bryophytes are...?
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non-vascular plants (ex. mosses, liverworts, horn warts)
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Traceophytes are..?
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vascular plants
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Ferns are...?
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seedless vascular plants
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Gymnosperms have ___ seeds?
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unprotected
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Angiosperms have ___ seeds and are ___ plants?
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protected; flowering
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Characteristics of Fungi?
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1. Heterotrophic
2. Closer related to animals 3. Diversity is related to success of plants 4. Mycorrhizae (mutualistic relationship) |
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Fancy name for Red Blood Cells
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Erythrocytes
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Fancy name for White Blood Cells
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Leukocytes
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Do red blood cells have a nucleus?
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no
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What is the job of white blood cells?
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To defend against foreign particles
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Where do white blood cells mature? (4)
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1. Spleen
2. Thymus 3. Tonsil 4. lymph Nodes |
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job of Platelets?
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to clot
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4 Types of Ingestion
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1. Suspension/Filter Feeders
2. substrate Feeders 3. Fluid Feeders 4. Bulk Feeders |
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3 Kinds of bulk feeders
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1. Herbivores
2. Omnivores 3. Carnivores |
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What organ produces urea?
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liver
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What is the product of the kidney's filtration?
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urine
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Materials that must be obtained in preassembled form because the animals' cells cannot make them from any raw material
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Essential nutrients
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Where can water-soluble vitamins be eliminated?
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in urine
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Where do excessive amounts of fat-soluble vitamins go?
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They build u pin body fat
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Muscle contraction that push food through the alimentary canal
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peristalsis
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Where does 95% of chemical digestion occur?
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in the duodenum
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What in the stomach works on proteins and turns them into amino acids?
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pepsin
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Does HCL do mechanical or chemical digestion?
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Mechanical digestion
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What are the chemicals produced in the duodenum?
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-lactase (for lactose-disac.)
-sucrase (for sucrose-disac.) -dipeptidease (for dipepetides-proteins) |
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Which is the organ that secretes fluids that produces chemicals that can break down all three different types?
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Pancreas
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What is in pancreatic juice? (4)
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lipase-lipids
amylase- amylose protease- proteins sodium bicarbonate- base to neutralize acid. |
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what does the liver produce?
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bile that emulsifies fats
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Where is bile delivered?
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the duodenum
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What are in the small intestine that increase surface area?
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villi
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colon also means?
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large intenstine
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What does feces contain? (3)
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-cellulose
-bile -undigested materials |
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Gram positive = ____,
Gram negative = ____ |
simpler; more complex
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xylem is for transporting...?
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water
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phloem is for transporting...?
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sugars
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T/F: phloem is living?
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TRUE
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What performs photosynthesis on a plant?
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it's leaves
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What supports the plant and may perform photosynthesis?
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it's stem
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What anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil?
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the roots
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Ferns have a dominant ____ generation?
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sporophyte
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Characteristics of Animal Kingdom Members? (4)
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1. multicellular
2. Heterotrophic 3. Eukaryotic 4. Ingestion (eating food) |
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Used in mollusca to scrape up food?
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radula
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