Biology Flashcards, Chap 8,9,23.4

Front 1

Autotroph

Back 1

organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce it's own food from inorganic compounds

Front 2

heterotroph

Back 2

orgasim that obtains energy from the food it consumes

Front 3

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Back 3

one of the prinicipal chemical compounds living things use to store energy. it consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose and 3 phosphate groups.

Front 4

pigment

Back 4

light absorbing molecule

Front 5

chlorophyll

Back 5

principal pigment of plants and other organisms; captures light energy

Front 6

thylakoid

Back 6

saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts

Front 7

photosystem

Back 7

light collecting units of the chloroplast

Front 8

stroma

Back 8

region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. the calvin cycle occurs in the stroma

Front 9

NADP+

Back 9

one of the carrier molecules that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Front 10

light dependent reactions

Back 10

reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP to NADPH

Front 11

ATP synthase

Back 11

large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

Front 12

Calvin cycle (light independent)

Back 12

reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugar

Front 13

calorie

Back 13

amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius

Front 14

glycolysis

Back 14

first step in releasing the energy of glucose, also first step in cellular respiration. in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Front 15

cellular respiration

Back 15

the process taht releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Front 16

NAD+

Back 16

electron carrier involved in glycolysis

Front 17

fermentation

Back 17

releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen

Front 18

anaerobic

Back 18

process that does not require oxygen

Front 19

aerobic

Back 19

process that requires oxygen

Front 20

krebs cycle

Back 20

second stage of cellular respiration. pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

Front 21

electron transport chain

Back 21

a series of proteins in which the high energy electrons from the krebs cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP

Front 22

blade

Back 22

thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight. the reason why blades are flat so there is more surface area so that the leaf can gather more sunlight

Front 23

petiole

Back 23

thin stalk by which a leaf blade is attached to the stem

Front 24

mesophyll

Back 24

specialized ground tissue that makes up the bulk of most leaves, performs most of the plants photosynthesis

Front 25

palisade mesophyll

Back 25

layer of tall, column shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis of a leaf

Front 26

spongy mesophyll

Back 26

loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of the leaf

Front 27

stoma

Back 27

opening in the underside of a leaf (looks like lips)

Front 28

transpiration

Back 28

loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Front 29

formula of cellular respiration

Back 29

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

sugar plus oxygen = carbon dioxide, water and 36 atpf

Front 30

formula for photosynthesis

Back 30

6H2O + 6CO2+ Light Energy ----> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Front 31

Where do the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place?

Back 31

in the mitochondria

Front 32

what is the function of NAD+ in glycolysis

Back 32

the NAD+ accepts a pair of high energy electrons. it holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules. by doing this, NAD+ helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell

Front 33

how does fermentation allow glycolysis to continue

Back 33

because it converts NADH back to electron carrier NAD+, produce steady supply of ATP

Front 34

what are the final waste products of cellular respiration?

Back 34

H2O and C02

Front 35

what type of fermentation produces energy for 90 seconds?

Back 35

lactic acid fermentation

Front 36

how is citric acid produced?

Back 36

Acetyl-CoA adds 2 carbon acetyl group to a 4 carbon compound, forming citric acid

Front 37

what is the type of tissue that covers a leaf?

Back 37

dermal

Front 38

how much ATP goes in at the beginning of glycolysis, and how much net gain ATP is there?

Back 38

2 ATP are used to get glycolysis started. When glycolysis is complete, 4 atp moleules are produced but you must -2 ATP from the beginning.

Front 39

What is NAD+?

Back 39

an electron carrier

Front 40

What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis?

Back 40

pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Front 41

How much ATP does cellular respiration produce?

Back 41

36 net atp

Front 42

what does glycolysis produce as products?

Back 42

2 ATP, 2 NADP, and 2 Pyruvate

Front 43

what does the kreb cycle produce as products?

Back 43

C02, 2 atp, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2

Front 44

what does the electron transport train produce as products

Back 44

34 ATP