Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is evolution? |
The gradual change in organisms when adapting to their environment |
|
|
|
What is the theory of natural selection/survival of the fittest? (Darwin) (4 points)
|
1. There's a wide variation in species
2. Competition for limited resource and the best adapted survive 3. Those that survive reproduce 4. They pass on their successful adaptations to their offspring |
|
|
|
What are three reasons for why people disagreed with Charles Darwin's theory?
|
1. It went against religious beliefs
2. Not enough evidence to show how organisms changed 3. No explanation for why the useful characteristics formed |
|
|
|
What are two reasons for why Charles Darwin's theory is now accepted?
|
1. Discussed and test by wide range of scientists
2. Provides explanation for observations from scientists |
|
|
|
What was Lamarck's theory for evolution?
|
If a characteristic was used a lot then it would be developed and passed on to offspring
|
|
|
|
Why was Lamarck's theory rejected?
|
There was no genetic basis
|
|
|
|
What is speciation?
|
Over a long period of time, natural selection can cause new species to be made
|
|
|
|
What causes speciation?
|
1. A physical barrier develop and splits a species. Eg river
2. The species are now in two different areas 3. Each area has different environments and so they develop different adaptations 4. Species become so different, they can no long breed to produce fertile offspring 5. Become reproductively isolated |
|
|
|
What three things are the increase in the amount of pollution causing?
|
1. Global warming
2. Acid rain 3. Ozone depletion |
|
|
|
What causes global warming?
|
When fossil fuels are burnt, lots of carbon dioxide is released which is a greenhouse gas, these trap heat in the atmosphere causing the global temp to rise
|
|
|
|
What three effects may occur if the global temperature continues to rise?
|
– Sea level rise
– Weather system become less predictable – Agricultural output will fall |
|
|
|
What causes acid rain?
|
Sulfur dioxide is release from burning of fossil fuels and waste material. This reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid which falls as acid rain
|
|
|
|
What three effects does acid rain have?
|
– Damages soils and kills trees
– Makes lakes acidic and many orgains are sensitive to pH changes and cannot survive – Damages limestone (buildings and statues) |
|
|
|
What causes ozone depletion?
|
The use of CFCs break down the ozone in the upper atmosphere
|
|
|
|
What effects does ozone depletion have?
|
More exposure to UV rays = skin cancer risk increased
Kill plankton in the sea = massive effect on sea ecosystem |
|
|
|
What are indicator species?
|
Organisms which show whether an area is polluted or not
|
|
|
|
What two species survive in unpolluted conditions and what are they used to monitor?
|
Lichen = air quality
Mayflay larvae = water quality |
|
|
|
What are three species that live in polluted water?
|
Water lice
Rat–tailed maggot Sludgeworms |
|
|
|
How do we use indicator species to measure pollution?
|
– Survey to see presence or absence of species
– Counting the number of times a species occurs gives a numerical value |
|
|
|
How can pollution be measured directly, without indicator species? (Two methods)
|
–Using sensitive instruments to measure the concentrations of chemical pollutants
– Using satellite data to indicate pollutant level |
|
|
|
What are three advantages of using indicator species to measure pollution?
|
– Quick
– Cheap – Easy |
|
|
|
What is a disadvantage of using indicator species to measure pollution?
|
Other factors like temperature may affect the survival of species = not always reliable
|
|
|
|
What are two advantages of using non–living methods to measure pollution?
|
– A reliable, numerical data is given which is easy to compare to other areas
– The exact pollutant can be identified |
|
|
|
What is a disadvantage of using non–living methods to measure pollution?
|
Expensive = trained workers and specialised equipment
|
|
|
|
What does conservation mean?
|
Keeping everything the same
|
|
|
|
What is captive breeding?
|
Breeding species so there is less chance of extinction
|
|
|
|
What does endangered mean?
|
There is a low population of a species
|
|
|
|
What three factors cause extinction?
|
– Number of habitats: hard to find resources
– Number of individuals: hard to find mate – Genetic variation: if low species is less likely to be able to adapt to changes in the environment or a disease |
|
|
|
What four things can we evaluate conservation programmes on?
|
1. Genetic variation: to survive disease outbreak and environmental change
2. Viability of populations: able to reproduce 3. Available habitats: suitable habitats 4. Interaction between species: as they would in normal habitat eg. hunt prey |
|
|
|
Give 3 ways that conservation programmes benefit humans
|
– Protects food supply: prevent over – fishing |
|
|
|
How are conservation programmes benefitting to wildlife?
|
Minimal damage to food change (conserving one species, helps others to survive)
|
|
|
|
What does sustainable development mean?
|
Providing for the needs of todays population without harming the environment
|
|
|
|
Give 5 reasons for why whales are hunted
|
1. Tourism |
Have COMMERCIAL VALUE |
|
|
If hunting of whales continues what three things will scientists not be able to find out?
|
1. Survival at extreme depths |
|
