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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification
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Levels of Classification- Kingdom/Phylum/Class/Order/Family/Genus/Species Scientific Nomenclature- formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts Cellular Organization- Organisms/Organ Systems/Organ/Tissues/Cells Carl Linnaeus- Formed the modern system of classifying organisms Cladogram/Dichotomous Key-a cladogram presents the derived characteristics that are inherited by certain organisms |
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Fungi
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Most are Unicellular some are unicellular and is eukaryote Asexual and sexual through spores Fungi itself is immobile but spores and seeds break off and travel with the wind making the next generation mobile Fine branching thread hyphae create a web and intertwin together. Decompose absorbs to consume their food and hetertrophs Ex:Mushroom,yeast, and mold |
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Protista
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Autotroph and hetertrophs.
Simpliest form. Nucleus and other organelles. Ex: Algae. amibo, and water molds and seaweed Produce Asexually Auto and Hetertrophic Have flagella (tiny hair structures used for movement) Cosumes food through photosynthesis |
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Animalia |
Eukaryote and multicellular Asexual and sexual Autotrophs and hetertrophs Most mobile kingdom. Moves through walking, running, swimming, and etc. Only kingdom that ingests food Varies body types Similar special organ systems. Ex: Whale. Shark, and Wolf |
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Monera |
Unicellular Prokaryote Asexual and sexual Endospore production and binerary fission Most common way to move is the flagella (little tail) Autotroph and hetertrophs Complex as living molecules Ex: Basteria and algae |
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Plantae |
Eukaryote Autotroph and hetertroph Multicellular Asexual and sexual Energy through photosynthesis and consuming food Ex: Tree and Sunflower Just like fungi mostly immobile but seeds are traveled through erosion. |
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Circulatory System |
Regulates body temperature by pumping blood into the body Vains/Artery, Blood, and Heart |
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Skeletal/Muscular Systems |
Protects internal organs Biceps/Cranium/Femur/Humorous/Quadiceps |
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Digestive System |
Acquires nutrients and release waste Intestines and Stomach |
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Excretory System |
Maintain balance of water in the body Bladder and Kidneys |
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Endocrine System |
Maintains homeostasis in the body Hormones and Thyroid gland |
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Immune System |
Defends against pathogens Antibodies,Lymph node, and t-cells |
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Integumentary System |
First line of defense of the body Hair, nails, skin |
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Nervous System |
Coordinates body responses Brain,Cerebellum, eyes, and nerves |
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Bacteria and Viruses |
The germ theory of disease states that some diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, animals, and other living hosts Koch postulates: 1. the microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease 2. the pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture 3.the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal 4.the pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated pathogen Lytic Cycle: Once attached to a host cell, a virus injects its nucleicacid into the cell. The nucleic acid takes over the normal operation of thehost cell and produces multiple copies of the virus’s protein coat andnucleic acid. Once produced, the protein coats and the nucleic acids areassembled into new viruses. As the host cell fills with newly assembledviruses, it bursts, just like a balloon with too much air. The host cell thendies, and the released viruses begin searching for the next host cell. Lysogenic Cycle: Some viruses, such as herpes and HIV, enter thehost cell but remain hidden for years. Even though the viral nucleic acidbecomes part of the host cell’s chromosome, it does not seem to affectthe functions of the cell. At some point, however, the viral nucleic acidbecomes active. It separates itself from the host cell’s genetic material,takes over the functions of the cell to produce new viruses, and destroysthe host cell as the new viruses are released Antibiotics are medicines that interfere with the reproduction of bacteria and are, therefore, only useful for treating bacterial infections Antivirals are drugs that can treat people who have already been infected by a virus. Influenza vaccines prevent or mitigate infections. They are designed to induce a protective immune response in the body against the viruses represented in the vaccine Johns Snow- Discovered that bacteria was spread by water. Observed the water drinking source. Water can carry disease sanitary and human waste can carry diseases Robert Koch- Discovered Cholera and the formation in anthrax bacteria of spores that could remain dormant under specific conditions. He extracted this bacterium from a sheep that died of anthrax, grew it and then infected a mouse with it. He gave us the 4 postulates and first vaccinations Louis Posteur- Discovered the microbes were responsible for souring alcohol and came up with the process of pasteurization where bacteria is destroyed by heating beverages and then allowing them to cool. He heated up wine to discover why it is spoiled so fast. He gave modern medicine the process of pasteurization |
