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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Passive transport
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the process of molecules moving in and out of a cell in a way that helps that cell reach equilibrium. Requires no energy.
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Active transport
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the process of molecules moving in and out of a cell in a way that is the opposite of reaching equilibrium. Requires energy.
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Diffusion
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the general process of the spreading of matter throughout a substance or in and out of a cell until equilibrium is reached
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Facilitated diffusion
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a form of passive transport where molecules are carried through the cell membrane by a transport protein
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Endocytosis
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the process of a cell absorbing material through the cell membrane. Most of the substances are polar molecules so can’t get through phospholipid bilayer and must go through a protein channel. Creates a vesicle to transport the molecule through cell
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Exocytosis
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the process of cells exporting unwanted material out of the cell
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Phagocytosis
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the process of engulfing necessary or useful materials through the cell membrane
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Pinocytosis
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the intake of liquid materials in the cell
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Vesicle
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a small and enclosed compartment within the cell used for storing and transporting materials
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains genetic code and info to build proteins. Double helix located in nucleus.
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Adenine
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nitrogenous base in DNA. Paired with Thymine or mRNA’s Uracil
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Thymine
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nitrogenous base in DNA. Paired with Adenine.
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Guanine
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nitrogenous base in DNA. Paired with Cytosine.
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Cytosine
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nitrogenous base in DNA. Paired with Guanine.
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Base pairing rule
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adenine and thymine and Guanine and cytosine are paired up in DNA’s double helix
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Hydrogen bond
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Weak bond which holds nitrogenous bases together. Easily broken – good because mRNA can break them and perform transcription
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Double helix
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shape of DNA like two twirling strands of anything
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Transcription
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the process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
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Translation
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the decoding of an mRNA message into a poly-peptide chain
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Codon
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three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
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Anticodon
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group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
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Genetic code
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the language of mRNA instructions
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Amino acids
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acids that are brought by tRNA to the ribosome make a polypedtide chain
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Peptide bond
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the bond that attaches amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain
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Polypedtide chain
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a chain of amino acids linked together
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Chromosome
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic info that is passed from one generation to the next
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Genes
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sequences of DNA that code for proteins and determine traits of a person
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Nucleotide
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monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid; consists of nucleotide monomers; temporary copy of DNA; used in synthesizing of proteins; single-stranded
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mRNA
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messenger RNA; the copy of DNA and carries the info the make the poly peptide chain
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tRNA
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transfer RNA; brings amino acids into robosomes; reads mRNA and builds polypeptide chain w/amino acids
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rRNA
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ribosomal; mRNA sits on it during translation; machinery for making proteins structural component
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RNA polymerase
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an enzyme that binds to DNA/unwinds the double helix/uses one strand of DNA as a template for mRNA/only binds to regions of DNA called promoters that have specific base sequences and tell polymerase where to start and stop the copying process.
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