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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A limiting nutrient
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a nutrient that is limited or rare in an ecosystem. this “limit” causes cellular growth which makes the cells evolutionarily different
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Primary productivity of a community
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the amount of biomass produced through photosynthesis per unit area and time by plants: the primary productivity
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Denitrifying bacteria
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microorganisms whose actions results in the conversion of nitrates in soil into atmosphere nitrogen
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Nitrogen fixing
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the process by which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes
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Microscope
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magnifies small objects not visible to the naked eye
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Coarse focus
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used to locate an object at the lowest level of magnification
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Fine focus
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used to focus in on am object so that you can see it clearly
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Diaphragm
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controls the amount of light shown onto the slide
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High power objective
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used to focus in on an object really close
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Low power objective
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used to focus broadly on an object
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Power of magnification
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the power of the objective lens multiplied by the power of the eypiece
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Eye piece
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the part of the microscope that you look through and that leads to the objective lenses
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Hierarchy of life
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atom→molecule→organelle→cell→tissue→organ→organ system→organism→population→community→ecosystem→biome→biosphere
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Characteristics of life
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ability to: reproduce; evolve; grow; respond to stimuli; retain and use energy; maintain a stable internal environment: based on a genetic code
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Cell Theory
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1) All living things are composed of cells; 2) Cells are basic units of structure/function; 3) New cells are produced from existing cells.
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Prokaryotic cells
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first kind of cells; no nucleus; loop of DNA; some internal membranes(cytoplasm/ribosomes)
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Eukaryotic cells
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nucleus; DNA; structures and internal membranes(membrane bound organelles); DNA separate from rest of cell
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Unicellular
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one celled
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Multicellular
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many celled
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Endosymbiosis
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theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several difference prokaryotic organisms
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Animal cell
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has every organelle except cell wall and chloroplast and sometimes has vacuole when doing endocytosis
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Plant cell
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has every organelle
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Bacteria
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unicellular prokaryote
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Membrane bound organelle
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organelles that are bound by a membrane found only in eukaryotes
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Nucleus
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an organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and has codes for making proteins
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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where lipids proteins and other materials are assembled and exported from the cell
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Golgi apparatus
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modifies sorts and packages proteins (etc.) from the ER for storage/exportation
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Cytoskeleton
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a network of protein filaments that helps with movement and helps keep the cell’s structure/shape
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Mitochondria
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organelles that convert chemical energy into ATP
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Lysosome
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small organelle filled with enzymes that break down lipids/carbs/proteins/etc.
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Ribosome
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where proteins are assembled based on coded instructions
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Vacuole
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supports heavy structures and controls the water content and does homeostasis
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Cell wall
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outer-most layer in plant cells that provide support/protection for the cell
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Cell membrane
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semi-permeable membrane that supports/protects cell and regulates what enters/leaves cell
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Fluid mosaic membrane
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composed of a phospholipids bilayer embedded with proteins
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Phospholipid bilayer
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two layered arrangement of lipids and phosphates that make up a cell membrane; heads are hydrophilic; tails are hydrophobic
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Hydrophylic
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attracted to water
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Hydrophobic
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drawn away from water
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