Biology Final Study Guide! 2010

Front 1

This statement about bacteria is false.

Back 1

Most bacteria are harmful to humans

Front 2

A bacteria's cell wall is made up of...

Back 2

Peptidoglycan

Front 3

Gram positive bacteria have about ____ times as much peptidoglycan as gram negative bacteria.

Back 3

5

Front 4

At the end of the Gram staining method, Gram positive bacteria will be stained...

Back 4

Blue

Front 5

This substance allows algae, such as euglena, to harvest and use the energy from sunlight.

Back 5

Chlorophyll

Front 6

The amoeba and foraminiferans belong to this phylum

Back 6

Sarcodines

Front 7

The Zooflagellate, Trypanosoma causes the disease known as..

Back 7

African sleeping sickness

Front 8

E. coli is classified as a

Back 8

Eubacteria

Front 9

Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in..

Back 9

The makeup of their cell walls

Front 10

This structure of a paramecium acts as a reserve copy of all the cells genes..

Back 10

The micronucleus

Front 11

This is NOT a method scientists use to identify prokaryotes..

Back 11

Their coloration

Front 12

All protists are..

Back 12

Eukaryotes

Front 13

This phylum causes the red tide that can cause fish kills..

Back 13

Pyrrophyta

Front 14

This group of organisms have streaming cytoplasm and use temporary cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods in locomotion and feeding..

Back 14

Thermacidophiles

Front 15

After using the Gram stain method, gram-negative will appear..

Back 15

Red

Front 16

A person who comes down with Malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from...

Back 16

The bite of the Anopheles mosquito carrying the protist plasmodium

Front 17

The outermost membrane of euglena is called a..

Back 17

Pellicle

Front 18

This is a type of archaebacteria is known as _______ and can be found in the extremely salty environments such as the Dead Sea.

Back 18

Halophiles

Front 19

According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from...

Back 19

Prokaryotes that were incorporated into primitive eukaryotic cells

Front 20

This statement is true about Chrysophyta..

Back 20

They contain bright yellow pigments

Front 21

A type of archaebacteria known as _____ produce methane gas and can be found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and the intestines of mammals.

Back 21

Methanogens

Front 22

This organism is an example of ciliate...

Back 22

Paramecium

Front 23

Diatoms belong to this phylum of unicellular plantlike algae...

Back 23

Bacillariophyta

Front 24

This is an animal like protist with not definite body shape..

Back 24

Amoeba

Front 25

Rod shaped bacteria..

Back 25

Bacilli

Front 26

Bacteria which requires constant oxgen..

Back 26

Obligate aerobe

Front 27

Contains structures called trichocyst..

Back 27

Paramecium

Front 28

Bacteria which would die in oxygen..

Back 28

Obligate aerobe

Front 29

Asexual reproduction in which bacteria make a copy of itself..

Back 29

Binary fission

Front 30

Spiral shaped bacteria..

Back 30

Spirilla

Front 31

These bacteria do not need oxygen but would not die in the presence of oxygen..

Back 31

Facultative anaerobe

Front 32

Asexual reproduction which creates an endospore and can be dormant for years..

Back 32

Spore formation

Front 33

Special structure on an euglena which helps it see light..

Back 33

Eye spot

Front 34

This cell type is found in sponges

Back 34

Ameobocytes

Front 35

These are characteristics of all animals

Back 35

Multicellular, Eukaryotes, Heterotrophs

Front 36

The skeleton or sponges is made of hard fibers called ______ which are used for support and protection.

Back 36

Spicules

Front 37

This organism is a filter feeder..

Back 37

Sponge

Front 38

In cnidarians, medusa reproduce sexually to produce larvae which develop into sessile ______.

Back 38

Polyps

Front 39

This is NOT a form of asexual reproduction in sponges...

Back 39

Production of eggs and sperm

Front 40

The Portuguese man-of-war is found in this class..

Back 40

Hydrozoans

Front 41

This class of cnidarians includes the corals and sea anemones..

Back 41

Anthozoa

Front 42

In this phylum, organisms have a round body and are tapered at both ends...

Back 42

Nematoda

Front 43

The round worm _____ is the most common human roundworm infection in the world.

Back 43

Ascaris

Front 44

Flatworms are in the phylum..

Back 44

Platyhelminthes

Front 45

The _____ is the most common free living flatworm.

Back 45

Planarian

Front 46

The tapeworms contain a head called the ____ and has hooks to attach to its host.

Back 46

Scolex

Front 47

The stomach of cnidarians polyp is known as a...

Back 47

Gastrovascualr cavity

Front 48

This gives the coral color as well as needed nutrients through photosynthesis..

Back 48

Zooxanthellae

Front 49

An animal which can produce both egg and sperm

Back 49

Hermaphrodite

Front 50

An umbrella shaped body, called a bell with tentacles that hang down..

Back 50

Medusa

Front 51

This is the replacement or re-growth of missing body parts..

Back 51

Regeneration

Front 52

This is the disease which comes from eating uncooked pork containing a certain parasitic round worm..

Back 52

Trichinosis

Front 53

This does NOT use a radula for feeding..

Back 53

Oyster

Front 54

Most marine snails or bivalves have another larval stage called a..

Back 54

Veliger

Front 55

This is a gastropod..

Back 55

Bivalvia

Front 56

Cephalopods use their ____ for jet propulsion to avoid predators.

Back 56

Siphons

Front 57

This phylum includes segmented worms..

Back 57

Annelida

Front 58

Earthworms breathe through:

Back 58

Pores in their skin

Front 59

The most distinguishing characteristic of all annelids is:

Back 59

They all have segments.

Front 60

This class of annelids includes the earthworms..

Back 60

Oligochaeta

Front 61

These animals have setae..

Back 61

Earthworms

Front 62

This class of annelids have appendages called parapoda which help them swim..

Back 62

Polychaeta

Front 63

Leeches that suck blood or other body fluids from their hosts are considered to be...

Back 63

Parasites

Front 64

The membrane that surrounds the internal organs of a mollusk..

Back 64

Mantle

Front 65

The sac with muscular walls and hard particles that grind soil before it passes into the intestine..

Back 65

Gizzard

Front 66

A tongue like structure with rows of teeth used for scraping, drilling or cutting food..

Back 66

Radula

Front 67

Organs which remove metabolic waste..

Back 67

Nephridia

Front 68

Blood moves through the body enclosed entirely in a serious of blood vessels..

Back 68

Closed circulatory system

Front 69

For genotypes that have two upper case letters or two lower case letters means that it is a...

Back 69

Homozygous

Front 70

For genotypes that have one upper case and one lower case letter mean that it is a...

Back 70

Heterozygous

Front 71

Yellow color in flowers (Y) is dominant to white flowers (y). If you crossed two parents who were both heterozygous, the genotype for all of the offspring is..

Back 71

YY, Yy, yy

Front 72

Rough fur (R) is dominant to smooth fur (r). If you crossed a parent who is homozygous dominant with a parent who is homozygous recessive, the genotype for all of the offspring is..

Back 72

RR

Front 73

Genes of different traits are inherited independently of each other is known as..

Back 73

Law of Independent assortment

Front 74

When every individual has two alleles for each gene and each gamete receives one of these alleles..

Back 74

Law of Segregation

Front 75

A fertilized cell as a result of fertilization..

Back 75

Zygote

Front 76

Male and female sex cells..

Back 76

Gametes

Front 77

The way an organism looks and behaves..

Back 77

Phenotype

Front 78

Anaphase (stage 1)

Back 78

Chromosome pairs are separated by spindle fibers and pulled to opposite poles.

Front 79

Prophase (stage 1)

Back 79

Crossing over occurs with homologous chromosomes.

Front 80

Telophase (stage 2). Cytokinesis (stage 2)

Back 80

Four haploid cells form.

Front 81

Anaphase (stage 2)

Back 81

Chromosomes in both cells are separated into sister chromatids and pulled to opposite poles.

Front 82

Metaphase (stage 1)

Back 82

Chromosome pairs line up along the equator.

Front 83

Crossing over is..

Back 83

An exchange of genetic information between chromosomes.

Front 84

Nondisjunction is..

Back 84

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

Front 85

Diploid is..

Back 85

A cell with two of each kind of chromosomes.

Front 86

Haploid is..

Back 86

A cell containing one of each kind of chromosome.

Front 87

Egg is..

Back 87

The female gamete.

Front 88

At the end of meiosis, there are ____ haploid cells that have been formed from the original cell..

Back 88

Four

Front 89

Match up with complimentary strand of DNA: ATGGC

Back 89

TACCG

Front 90

_____ is not a part that makes up Nucleotides..

Back 90

Protien

Front 91

Match up the mRNA strand with complimentary strand of DNA: GCTAG

Back 91

CGATC

Front 92

This correctly comprises a complimentary base pair..

Back 92

Adenine - Thymine

Front 93

There are ___ hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine and there are ___ hydrogen bonds between Guanine and Cytosine.

Back 93

-Two, -Three

Front 94

During this stage in cell division the DNA is copied or replicated..

Back 94

Interphase

Front 95

_____ brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's factory floor, the cytoplasm.

Back 95

Introns

Front 96

In the nucleus, enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand in a process called _____.

Back 96

Transcription

Front 97

____ is the supplier. It delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein.

Back 97

tRNA

Front 98

Genes usually contain many long noncoding nucleotide sequences, called ___.

Back 98

mRNA

Front 99

Group of theses nitrogenous bases in mRNA code for one amino acid. Each group is known as a ____.

Back 99

Codon

Front 100

The process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in protein is known as_____.

Back 100

Translation

Front 101

Any change in DNA sequence is called a...

Back 101

Mutation

Front 102

When part of a chromatid beaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid, a _____ occurs.

Back 102

Insertion

Front 103

When part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards, a _____ occurs.

Back 103

Insertion

Front 104

When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome, a _____ occurs.

Back 104

Inversion

Front 105

An entire intact organism may be preserved in ____ and ____.

Back 105

Amber - Ice

Front 106

Any indirect evidence left by an animal such as a foot print is a ______.

Back 106

Trace fossil

Front 107

Most fossils occur in layers of ______ rock.

Back 107

Sedimentary

Front 108

Scientists suggest that Earth cooled enough for water vapor to condense about ____ years ago.

Back 108

4.4 billion years ago

Front 109

This fossil forms when an organism is buried in sediment and then decays, leaving an empty space..

Back 109

Mold fossil

Front 110

____ has the longest length of geologic time.

Back 110

Eon

Front 111

This Era occurred from 245 million years ago to 65 million years ago..

Back 111

Mesozoic

Front 112

Name the following period of Paleozoic from oldest to youngest..

Back 112

Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian

Front 113

During this time the greatest mass extinction in earth's history occurred..

Back 113

Permian-Triassic

Front 114

This is known as the age of Dinosaurs..

Back 114

Mesozoic

Front 115

During this Era humans evolved..

Back 115

Cenozoic

Front 116

This scientist showed that microscopic life is not produced by spontaneous generation..

Back 116

Louis Pasteur

Front 117

This scientist proposed the endosymbiotic theory in which Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic relationships with prokaryotes..

Back 117

Lynn Margulis

Front 118

This scientist produced a protocell in the lab..

Back 118

Sydney Fox

Front 119

Simulated conditions of early earth to produce amino acids, sugars, and organic molecules..

Back 119

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

Front 120

This scientist disproved the idea that decaying meat spontaneously produces maggots..

Back 120

Francesco Redi

Front 121

Evidence of an organism that lived long ago..

Back 121

Fossils

Front 122

Living organisms come only from other living organisms...

Back 122

Biogenesis

Front 123

The idea that nonliving material can produce life..

Back 123

Spontaneous generation

Front 124

Prokaryotic bacteria which live in harsh environments..

Back 124

Archabacteria

Front 125

You have 64 grams of radioactive isotope. The half-life of that isotope is 20 years. ____ much of that original isotope will be left after 80 years.

Back 125

4 grams

Front 126

____ is a true statement about evolution.

Back 126

Populations evolve, individuals don't.

Front 127

Charles Darwin was not responsible for..

Back 127

He disproved the idea of spontaneous generation

Front 128

Charles Darwin was responsible for..

Back 128

Coming up with the idea of natural selection; He wrote the origin of species in 1859; He collected specimens from around the world on a five year voyage

Front 129

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.

Back 129

Artificial Selection

Front 130

Any variation that aides an organism's chances of survival in its environment.

Back 130

Adaptation

Front 131

A structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species.

Back 131

Mimicry

Front 132

An adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings.

Back 132

Camouflage

Front 133

The evolution of a new species.

Back 133

Speciation

Front 134

All of the alleles in a population's individuals.

Back 134

Gene pool

Front 135

The percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool.

Back 135

Allelic Frequency

Front 136

The alteration of allelic frequencies by change events.

Back 136

Gene flow

Front 137

Transport of genes by migrating individuals.

Back 137

Genetic Drift

Front 138

A harmless syrphid fly resembles a poisonous wasp in color and body shape. This is an example of:

Back 138

Mimicry

Front 139

A cheetah blends in with is surroundings so it can stock its prey. This is an example of:

Back 139

Camouflage

Front 140

This shows indirect evidence of evolution..

Back 140

Biochemistry, Anatomy, Fossils, Embryology

Front 141

Structures of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function..

Back 141

Analogous Structures

Front 142

Examples of this type of body can include: the human tail bone, pelvic leg bones in whales and the eyes of blind mole rats and cave fish..

Back 142

Vestigial structures

Front 143

(True or False): A population in genetic equilibrium is NOT evolving.

Back 143

True

Front 144

The most significant factor in evolution, regardless or population size is _____.

Back 144

Natural selection

Front 145

Physical barriers prevent inter breeding is an example of..

Back 145

Geographic isolation

Front 146

(True of False): Punctuated equilibrium is the idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations.

Back 146

False

Front 147

(True or False): Adaptive radiation is a type of convergent evolution.

Back 147

False

Front 148

The pattern of evolution in which organisms not related evolve similar traits due to similar environments..

Back 148

Convergent evolution

Front 149

(True or False): Divergent evolution is the pattern of evolution in which species that once was similar to an ancestral species diverges, or become increasingly distinct.

Back 149

True

Front 150

Arachnids do not include...

Back 150

ants

Front 151

Arachnids do include..

Back 151

Spiders, Scorpions, Mites

Front 152

The crustaceans include..

Back 152

Lobster, Barnacles, Shrimp, Water flea

Front 153

(True of False): An appendage is any structure such as a leg or antenna that grows out of the body of an animal.

Back 153

True

Front 154

Molting occurs when an arthropod sheds its old ___ and grows a new one.

Back 154

Exoskeleton

Front 155

A butterfly excretes waste through..

Back 155

Malpighian Tubules

Front 156

Structures which spins silk which can be used to make webs..

Back 156

Spinnerets

Front 157

The four stages in order that complete Metamorphosis..

Back 157

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

Front 158

In incomplete metamorphosis, that ____ - hatches from the egg having the general appearance as the adult but smaller.

Back 158

Nymph

Front 159

Crustaceans are different from other arthropods because they have two pairs of ___ used for sensing.

Back 159

Antennae

Front 160

The stage or insect metamorphosis where tissues and organs are broken down and replaced by adult tissue in a type of cocoon.

Back 160

Pupa

Front 161

All insects have this many walking legs..

Back 161

6

Front 162

This class of arthropods includes the centipedes..

Back 162

Chilipoda

Front 163

This class of arthropods includes the millipedes..

Back 163

Diplopoda

Front 164

This class or arthropods includes the horseshoe crabs..

Back 164

Merostomata

Front 165

THe three body segments from anterior (top) to posterior (bottom) found in insects are:

Back 165

Head, thorax, abdomen

Front 166

When the head and thorax fuse together.

Back 166

Cephalothorax

Front 167

Branching network of passages that carry oxygen throughout the body.

Back 167

Tracheal tube

Front 168

Openings on the abdomen and thorax where air enters and leaves.

Back 168

Spiracles

Front 169

Air filled chamber with leaflike plates.

Back 169

Book lungs

Front 170

Chemical odor signals given off by animals.

Back 170

Pheromones

Front 171

Pair of jaws used for holding, chewing, sucking, or biting.

Back 171

Mandibles

Front 172

A form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an unfertilized egg.

Back 172

Parthenogenesis

Front 173

Mouth parts modified for pincers or fangs.

Back 173

Chelicerae