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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiology
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“The scientific study of normal body function”
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Homeostasis:
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“the dynamic constancy of the internal environment”
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Sensor
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notices when the body deviates from a healthy set point
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Integrating Center
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is informed by the sensor of a change and initiates action by the effector
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Antagonistic Effectors
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effectors who have opposite actions in a feedback loop
-Allows for a very tight control |
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Atomic Mass
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sum of protons and neutrons
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Atomic Number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Isotope
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same atomic number, but different atomic mass
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Valence Electrons
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electrons in the outermost shell
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Covalent Bonds
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strongest, when atoms share valence electrons equally (non-polar)
-Polar when electrons aren’t shared equally |
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Ionic bonds
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when electrons are totally transferred to another atom
-Produces cations and anions |
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Hydrogen Bonds
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weak, when H+ of one atom attracts – of another
-Responsible for 3D shapes of proteins and surface tension of water |
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Acidic
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higher H+ concentration, lower pH (basic is opposite)
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COOH
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carboxyl group, on amino acids, fatty acids, lactic, citric, acetic
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Monosaccharides
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glucose, galactose, fructose
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Disachharides
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sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
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Glycogen
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polysaccharide with hundreds of glucose molecules
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Hydrolosis
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H2O breaks and lyses a bond (breakdown of glycogen)
-Dehydration Synthesis is the opposite (water is formed) |
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Triglycerides
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3 molecules of fatty acids joined to 1 molecule of glycerol
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Phospholipids
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glycerol bonded to 2 non-polar fatty acids and 1 polar phosphate group
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Amino Acids
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make up proteins, have an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group, and a functional group
-there are about 20 different amino acids |
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Polypeptide
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chains of amino acids formed by peptide bonds
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Protein
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a long chain of polypeptides
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Primary Structure
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the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein
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Secondary Structure
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helical shape of protein due to interactions
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Quarternary Structure
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several polypeptide chains in a protein all bent together
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Nucleotides
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phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, and a N2 base (used in DNA/RNA)
-A/T and G/C for DNA…A/U and G/C for RNA |
