Biology Final Exam

Front 1

What are the four most abundant elements in the human body

Back 1

1) hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon

Front 2

What are the characteristics of living things

Back 2

organized, acquire material and energyreproduce, respondto stimuli, homeostatic to grow and develop, have the capacity to adapt thetheir environment

Front 3

Define isotopes

Back 3

are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Front 4

List,in order, the levels of organization in living systems

Back 4

atom,molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community,ecosystem, biosphere

Front 5

Describe the location of protons, neutrons, electrons

Back 5

nucleus, nucleus, orbiting around nucleus

Front 6

What is a cation

Back 6

positivelycharged ion

Front 7

What is meant when an atom is electrically neutral

Back 7

uncharged

Front 8

In what form do animals store carbohydrates

Back 8

glucose(starch)

Front 9

What category of carbohydrates includes starches

Back 9

polysaccharides

Front 10

Describea covalent bond

Back 10

1) chemical bond that involves the sharing ofelectron pairs between atoms

Front 11

Whatis denaturation

Back 11

whenis loses structure and function

Front 12

Whatis the role of fats in the human body

Back 12

1) store energy, insulate against heat loss, formprotective cushion

Front 13

Usingthe pH scale, how would you explain the difference between a strong and weakacid or base

Back 13

thelower the # the stronger the acid, higher the # stronger the base

Front 14

Whatis a buffer

Back 14

achemical or combination of chemicals that keep pH within normal limits

Front 15

Whatis the atomic mass number of an atom

Back 15

# of protons + # of neutrons

Front 16

What are the monomers of proteins

Back 16

simple organic molecules that exist individually

Front 17

Give some unique features of: Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Fats Cellulose Proteins

Back 17

2 types DNA & RNA,

short term energy, play structure role in plants, bacteria and insects involved in cell to cell recognition,

store energy, insulate heat,

found in the cell wall of plants,

speed up chemical reactions, give support

Front 18

Whathappens when sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond

Back 18

an attraction between oppositely charged ions

Front 19

Whatis an ion

Back 19

formwhen electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Front 20

Beable to determine the # of protons, neutrons, and electrons when given theatomic number and mass

Back 20

Number of Protons = Atomic Number

Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number

Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number

Front 21

What does hydrophobic mean

Back 21

cannot attract to water

Front 22

Whatare the functions of proteins

Back 22

structural support, enzymes speed up reactions, hormones, transport molecules in blood, antibodies

Front 23

Whathappens at the ribosomes

Back 23

cell structure that makes protein

Front 24

Distinguish between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Back 24

pro.- cells lack membrane-enclosed structures

euk.- cells passes membrane bound structure

Front 25

Namethe structural lipids found in the plasma membrane

Back 25

cytoplasm

Front 26

Whatis the role of lysosomes

Back 26

actas garbage disposals, break down unwanted substances

Front 27

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

Back 27

two rough (has ribosomes) ER & smooth ER, processing

Front 28

Whathappens at the chloroplast

Back 28

site of photosynthesis

Front 29

Whatis meant when we say a membrane is selectively permeable

Back 29

allows some substances to pass but prohibits the movement of others

Front 30

What is the role of the golgi apparatus

Back 30

processes, packages and distributes molecules from or to about the cell

Front 31

Whatis the role of mitochondria- (powerhouse)

Back 31

organelle in which ATP molecules is produced during the process of cellular respiration

Front 32

Whatis the function of enzymes

Back 32

increase the rate of reactions

Front 33

Describe facilitated diffusion

Back 33

passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell along a concentration gradient

Front 34

Whathappens to your cells if you drink ocean/sea water

Back 34

shrivel up

Front 35

Describewhat happens when energy is converted from one form to another

Back 35

...

Front 36

Whatis diffusion

Back 36

movement of molecules or ions from high to low concentration gradient

Front 37

Whatis the law of Conservation of energy

Back 37

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be changed from one form to another

Front 38

Describe a central vacuole in a plant cell

Back 38

part of cell that is used for storage ex. Water, food and toxins to be removed fills much of the plant cell

Front 39

Whatis the nucleus

Back 39

membrane-bound organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell

Front 40

Whereare chromosomes found in a eukaryotic cell

Back 40

in the chromatin in the nucleus

Front 41

Whatmakes up a duplicated chromosome

Back 41

two sister chromatids

Front 42

Whathappens during interphase

Back 42

DNA synthesis’s

Front 43

What,in order, are the stages of mitosis

Back 43

prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Front 44

Whathappens during metaphase

Back 44

chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

Front 45

Whattype of cell division provides variety in organisms

Back 45

...

Front 46

Whatwould be the result if cytokinesis did not occur at the end of a cell cycle

Back 46

there would not be two daughter cells at the end to mitosis

Front 47

Howdoes cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells

Back 47

in plants it does the cytoplasm, animals it does normal cells

Front 48

What are homologous chromosomes

Back 48

member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase

Front 49

Distinguishbetween diploid and haploid numbers of chromosomes

Back 49

Diploid= 2, Haploid= 1

Front 50

Whendoes crossing over occur in meiosis

Back 50

prophase 1

Front 51

Distinguish between chromatin and chromosomes

Back 51

Chromatin- network of DNA strands and associated proteins observed within a nucleus of a cell

Chromosomes- structure that transmits the genetic material from one generation to the next

Front 52

Howmany cells and with what chromosome number are there at the end of telophase 1

Back 52

two daughter cells with one chromosome per homologous pair

Front 53

When does interphase occur

Back 53

first

Front 54

Whatis meiosis

Back 54

type of nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number from 2n to n

Front 55

Inwhat type of cells does meiosis occur

Back 55

animal

Front 56

Whatare the stages, in order, of the cell cycle (know the abb. /symbols)

Back 56

Interphase (G1,S,G2), Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis

Front 57

Comparethe chromosome number of a somatic cell to a sex cell

Back 57

...

Front 58

Whatis the cleavage furrow

Back 58

wall that separates two animal cell during anaphase

Front 59

Describe incomplete dominance

Back 59

onephenotype/genotype and another phenotype/genotype blend ex. Straight + curly=wavy

Front 60

Give an example of a recessive genotype

Back 60

bb

Front 61

Be able to do simple blood type genetics problems. (two)

Back 61

...

Front 62

Whois Mendel

Back 62

scientist who found genetics

Front 63

Be able to do genetics problems dealing with A) incomplete dominance B) simple monohybrid crosses C) carriers D) testcross E) color blindness F) hemophilia

Back 63

...

Front 64

What are Mendel's generations

Back 64

...

Front 65

Whatwill always yield four phenotypes in ratio of 9:3:3:1

Back 65

two heterozygous genotypes (two trait crosses)

Front 66

Fromwhich parent do males get their x sex chromosome

Back 66

mother

Front 67

Whatare the uses of karyotypes

Back 67

viewing the chromosomes to see if there are any disorders

Front 68

Whatare the sex chromosomes of A) normal male B) Normal female

Back 68

A) XY

B) XX

Front 69

Howmany autosomes; Sexchromosomes

Back 69

22

2