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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are protists monophyletic?
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NO. It is a paraphyletic group
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What are the 4 major nutritional categories of protists?
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-Photoautotrophs
-Ingestive -Absorptive -Mixotrophic |
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What is a photoautotroph?
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-Algae
-Have chloroplasts -plant-like |
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What is an ingestive protist?
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Consumes food particles by phagocytosis
-Animal-like -heterotrophs |
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What is an absorptive protist?
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Consume organic molecules
-fungus-like -heterotrophs |
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What is mixotrophic?
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Both photosynthetic and heterotrophic
-Animal/plant-like |
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What are the 5 clades of protists?
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-Excavata
-Chromalveolata -Rhizaria -Archaeplastida -Unikonta |
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What are the 3 subclades of excavata?
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-Diplomonads
-Parabasalids -Euglenozoans |
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Most diplomonads are ________
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Parasites
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Where is a euglenid found?
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in pond water
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Euglenids are ______ in sunlight but otherwise they are ________
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autotrophic, heterotrophic
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What is a pellicle?
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Protein bands beneath cell membrane provide strength and flexibility
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Where is the light detector on a euglenid found?
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On base of flagellum
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What is the eyespot on a euglenid?
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Lets only certain light to light detector
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What is a kinoplastid?
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Single, large mitochondrion w/mass of DNA
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What are 2 major subclades of chromalveolates?
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-Alveolates
-Stromenophiles |
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What are alveoli?
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Sacs beneath plasma membrane
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What are 3 subclades of Alveolata?
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-Dinoflagellates
-Apicomplexans -Ciliates |
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What are dinoflagellates?
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-Algae
-Red tide |
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What is an apicomplexan?
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Parasites of animals
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What causes malaria?
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Plasmodium
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What are oomycetes?
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Water molds, downy mildews, white rusts
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What is a diatom?
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Unicellular photosynthetic algae
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What is the cell wall of a diatom composed of?
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Silica (glass)
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What is the largest and most complex algae?
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Brown algae
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What do brown seaweeds use to rise up into water column?
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floats
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What type of reproduction is most common in protists?
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Asexual reproduction
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What are the 3 types of multicellular sexual reproduction in protists?
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-Alternation of generations
-Diploid dominant -Haploid dominant |
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What is alternation of generations?
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Alternation of haploid and diploid stages
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Where does alternation of generations occur?
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In most plants and some protists
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What are the 3 major subclades of Rhizaria?
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-Radiolarians
-Formaniferans -Cercozoans |
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Most rhizaria have _______
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pseudopodia
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What is phycoeryythrin?
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Causes the red color in red algae
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What are the cell walls of red algae made of?
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Cellulose, agar or carrageenan
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What is green algae closely related to?
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land plants
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What do unikonts have in common?
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A single flagellum or are an amoebae with no flagellum
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What are fungi closely related to?
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animalia
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What is a hyphae?
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thread-like structures that make up fungi
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What is a mycelium?
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feeding hyphae
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What is a fruiting body
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reproductive hyphae
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What are the cell walls in multicellular fungi made of?
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Mostly chitin
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What is chitin?
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nitrogen containing polysaccharide derived from glucose
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What is a septate species?
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hyphae divided into cells by septa
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What is an aseptate species
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Cells are undivided
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All fungi are ______ ________
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Absorptive heterotrophs
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What are the 3 ways fungi can obtain nourishment?
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-Saprobic
-Parasitic -Predatory |
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What is saprobic?
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obtain nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter
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What is parasitic?
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Obtain nourishment from living hosts in or in which they live
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What is predatory?
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Obtain nourishment by capturing live animals
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How do unicellular fungi reproduce?
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asexually via budding
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What is plasmogamy?
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Fusion of cytoplasm but not the nuclei
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What is heterokaryotic?
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Cells contain multiple haploid nuclei fro different individuals
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What is karyogamy?
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Fusing of the nuclei
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What is a chytrid?
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Oldest lineage of fungi
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What is a zygomycete?
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Many fruit and bread molds
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How do plasmodial slime molds reproduce?
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Always sexual reproduction
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What is a gametangium?
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organ in which gametes are produced
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What is the reproductive organ of a female plant?
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Archegonium
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What is the reproductive organ of a male plant?
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Antheridium
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