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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Charles Darwin |
Set sail on the H.M.S. Beagle, a voyage that would provide him with vast amounts of evidence that lead to his theory of evolution |
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarch |
1809 - Published his hypothesis of the inheritance of acquired traits. The ideas are flawed, but he is one of the first to propose a mechanism explaining how organisms change over time |
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Natural selection |
Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool.
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Decent with modification |
Over time and generations the traits providing reproductive advantage become more common within the population. Darwin called this process "descent with modification". Adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation among island populations.
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Fitness |
The genetic contribution of an individual to succeeding generations relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population.
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Survival of the fittest |
the continued existence of organisms that are best adapted to their environment, with the extinction of others, as a concept in the Darwinian theory of evolution.
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Adaptive radiation |
The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems
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Vestigial organs |
A type of homologous structure that is rudimentary and of marginal or no use to the organism
Examples: human appendix, human tailbone |
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Homologous structures |
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.
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Embryology |
the branch of biology that deals with the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage
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Speciation |
the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook was the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or "cladogenesis," as opposed to "anagenesis" or "phyletic evolution" occurring within lineages.
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Speciation (temporal) |
Temporal isolation is an evolutionary mechanism that keeps individuals of different species from interbreeding, even if they live in the same environment.
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Speciation (geographic) |
Scientists think that geographic isolation is a common way for the process ofspeciation to begin: rivers change course, mountains rise, continents drift, organisms migrate, and what was once a continuous population is divided into two or more smaller populations.
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Speciation (behavioral) |
the formation of new species as a result of geographic, physiological, anatomical, or behavioral factors that prevent previously interbreeding populations from breeding with each other.
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