Biology Final

Front 1

The community includes interacting populations plus the physical (non-living) environment.

True or false

Back 1

False, a community only includes living organisms

Front 2

All chemical reactions that occur in a cell are referred to as

Back 2

Metabolism

Front 3

Which of the following is NOT a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?

a. protists

b.fungi

c.plants

d.prokaryotes

e. animals

Back 3

Prokaryotes

Front 4

Prokaryotes do not have the following:

a. cell envelope

b. nuceoid

c. appendages

d. ribosmoes

e. mitochondria

Back 4

ribosomes

Front 5

The protein production factories of a cell are

Back 5

ribosomes

Front 6

Modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment are called

Back 6

Adaptations

Front 7

This organelle is studded with ribosomes and is the site of protein glycosylation

Back 7

Rough ER

Front 8

This organelle is the site of mRNA synthesis

Back 8

Nucleus

Front 9

This organelle DOES NOT have contain chromosomal DNA….

a. vacuole

b. chloroplast

c. mitochondria

d. nucleus

e. none of the above

Back 9

vacuole

Front 10

This organelle is the site of cellular respiration and the majority of energy production

Back 10

mitochondria

Front 11

Rod shapped bacteria are called

Back 11

bacillus

Front 12

Bacterial cell walls are comprised of...

Back 12

peptidoglycan

Front 13

Animal cell walls ALWAYS have cell walls

True or False

Back 13

NO, they do not

Front 14

For life to contiute, temperature, moisture level, acidity and other physiological factors must remain in the tolerance level of the organism This is called

Back 14

homeostatsis

Front 15

The mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for

Back 15

respiration and ATP production

Front 16

Photosynthetic bacteria are called

Back 16

cyano bacteria

Front 17

The following structures allow exchange of plasmid DNA between two bacteria

Back 17

conjugation pilla

Front 18

The addition of modification of sugars attached to proteins occur in the

Back 18

golgi bodies and rough ER

Front 19

The phase of mitosis where the sister chromatics line up in the center of the cell is called

Back 19

metaphase

Front 20

The phase of mitosis where the sister chromatics are split apart is

Back 20

anaphase

Front 21

The phase of mitosis where the kinetochores form on either side of centromeres is called

Back 21

prometaphase

Front 22

The photosystem II protein complex is responsible for exciting electrons to generate ATP via

Back 22

electron transport train

Front 23

The cell cycle phase in which cytoplasm is distributed between two cells is most exactly called

Back 23

cytokinesis

Front 24

The calvin cycle in photosynthesis is carried out in what part of the chloroplast?

Back 24

stroma

Front 25

At the g1 checkpoint protein makes sure the sister chromatids are line up on the metaphase plate

True of false

Back 25

False, the M phase does this

Front 26

The overall # of ATP molecules synthesized during aerobic respiration is

Back 26

36 or 38

Front 27

The net # of ATP synthesized during glycloysis is

Back 27

2

Front 28

Glycolysis takes place in which portion of the cell

Back 28

cytoplasm

Front 29

Which molecule(s) are used as a electron carrier in respiration?

Back 29

NADH and FADH2

Front 30

The checkpoint where DNA damage is evaluated by the proofreading protein is

Back 30

G1

Front 31

An organism that produces its own food is called

Back 31

autoptroph

Front 32

The prepatory reaction occurs in

Back 32

matrix

Front 33

The phase where the # organelles double is in the

Back 33

G1 phases

Front 34

The two barrel shaped organelles that act to hold the mitotic spindle together in the centrosome is

Back 34

centrioles

Front 35

The enzyme that bring about apoptosis are

Back 35

caspases

Front 36

The proteins involved in the organization of DNA are called

Back 36

histones

Front 37

The protein complexes on either side of the centromere of the sister chromatics are called

Back 37

kinetochores

Front 38

In which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear?

Back 38

prophase

Front 39

The contractile ring is made out of the following protein

Back 39

actin

Front 40

The overall # of NADH molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle is

Back 40

6

Front 41

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur

Back 41

s

Front 42

In which phase of the cell are microtubules formed in order to assist with the mitotic spindle formation

Back 42

g2

Front 43

Which of the following will NOT make an enzymatic reaction go faster?

a.addtion of substrate

b.addition of enzyme

c. heating to optimal temperature

d. addition of product

Back 43

addition of product

Front 44

Non-sex chromosomes are called

Back 44

autosomes

Front 45

The origin of replication is a separate site on DNA where transcription begins

True or False

Back 45

False, This is when duplication begins

Front 46

This type of nucleic acid makes up the ribosome

Back 46

rRNA

Front 47

A particular location of gene on a chromosome is called

Back 47

locus

Front 48

The central dogma of molecular bio is that a gene is up of four bases

True or False

Back 48

False, it is the flow of information from DNA to messenger RNA to protein

Front 49

The fact that duplicated strands of DNA will contain one parent strand and one daughter strand is called

Back 49

semiconservative

Front 50

RNA polymerase always transcribes DNA in the 3' to 5'

True or False

Back 50

False, it is 5' to 3'

Front 51

The template strand of DNA is opposite of the gene

True or False

Back 51

True

Front 52

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the promoter?

a. defines the start of transcription

b. can be made of DNA or RNA

c. defines the direction of transcription

d. specifies the strand to be transcribed

Back 52

can be made of DNA or RNA

Front 53

In dominate individuals, one cannot determine genotype by observation

T or F

Back 53

True

Front 54

In recessive individuals, one cannot determine genotype by observation

Back 54

False, recessive you can because it will always be aa rather than AA or Aa

Front 55

In autosomal dominate disorders, both AA and Aa have the disorder

T or F

Back 55

True

Front 56

Which step is NOT a part of eukaryotic mRNA processing prior to translation?

a. addition of 5' guaine cap

b. binding of the ribosomes to MRN

c. addition of a ploy tail

d. splicing out of introns

Back 56

binding of the ribosomes to Mrna

Front 57

What is the start codon for DNA

Back 57

ATG

Front 58

What is the start codon for RNA

Back 58

AUG

Front 59

Proteins that play a primary structural role in organizing DNA are called

Back 59

histones

Front 60

Blood type is an example of codominat traits

T or F

Back 60

True

Front 61

When a single mutant gene affects two or more distinct and seemingly unrelated traits it is called

Back 61

pleotrophy

Front 62

Heterochromatin is active and frequent transcribed

T or F

Back 62

False, heterochromatin is tightly packed therefore it will not allow active frequent movement. Euchromatin is active.

Front 63

Bodies comprised of DNA coiled around histone protein complexes are called

Back 63

nucleosome

Front 64

Epigentic inheritance is transmission of genetic information outside of the coding region of the gene

T or F

Back 64

True

Front 65

The short portion of DNA where active repressor binds is called

Back 65

operator

Front 66

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatics of a bivalent during meiosis I is called

Back 66

crossing over

Front 67

The # of cells generated from one cell during the process of meiosis is

Back 67

4

Front 68

Fusion of a sperm and an egg create a fertilized

Back 68

zygote, which is FERTILIZED

Front 69

Reproductive (sex cells) cells are called

Back 69

gametes

Front 70

A female oocyte (egg) does not complete meiosis II until it is fertilized by a sperm

T or F

Back 70

True

Front 71

A change in chromosome # due to a nondisjunction during meiosis is called

Back 71

aneuploidy

Front 72

Movement of solute across the membrane can be done by what two things?

Back 72

carrier proteins- come in contact with solute

channel productions- just tubes

Front 73

Binary vision

Back 73

reproduction common among prokaryotes wherein a cell divides giving rise to two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell.

Front 74

Flagella: Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Back 74

Euk: move like a whip

Prok: propellor

Front 75

Cotracticle vacoules do what?

Back 75

get ride of water

Front 76

what can you photosynthesize

Back 76

plants

chloroplasts

algae

cyanobacteria

Front 77

Chemiosomosis is

Back 77

The flow of hydrogen thorugh ATP synthase and make ATP

Front 78

Mitocondria is responsible for

Back 78

respiration and ATP production

Front 79

During the cell cycle, protooncegeres and Tumor suppression do what

Back 79

protoon: promotes cell growth

tumor: promotes cell death

Front 80

-Into the cell

-Out of the cell

-Carrying small particles

-Large particles

Back 80

into- endocytosis

out-exocytosis

small particles-pinocytosis

large particles-phagocytosis

Front 81

g1

s

g2

m

Back 81

g1- growth of organelle

s- synathsis

g2- more growth, prep for M phase

m- includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Front 82

The ends of chromosomes are

Back 82

telomers

Front 83

Characteristics of cancer cells:

Back 83

does not undergo apoptosis

undifferentiated

has abnormal nucleus

Front 84

Meoisis: cell division and nuclear division

Back 84

cell division: 2

nuclear: 1

Front 85

Helicase is

Back 85

the enzyme that underlines and unzips DNA

Front 86

Extracellular matrix (ECM) has

Back 86

collagen, elastin, intergin, and fibrontein

Front 87

Homologous structures are

Back 87

structures that are anatomically similar because they are presumably inherited from a common ancestor

Front 88

Analogous structures are

Back 88

serve the same function but are not constructed similarly

Front 89

Vestigial structures are

Back 89

anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but are reduced and may have no function in similar groups (ex. flightless birds)

Front 90

4 types of macromoleucles

Back 90

proteins

lipids

polysacarides

nucleic acids