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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transport protein
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protein that helps move particals acroos the lipid bilayer
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facilitated diffusion
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use of transport proteins to move particles across the plasma membrane
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channel protein
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one channel that allows only the particles that fit through the membrane
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carrier protein
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proteins that change shape to allow certain molecules to cross the membrane
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gate protein
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carrier protein that oopens as a gate when a 'signal' molecule combines with the gate
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active transport
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transportation of particles that requires energy
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endocytosis
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when the plasma membrane lets in substances from a cells environment
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vesicle
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a small sac that is caused by part of the membrane closing over a food particle
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phagocytosis
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form of endocytosis when solid chunks of material are taken in
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pinocytosis
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form of endocytosis in which liquid droplets are taken in
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exocytosis
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when things are sent out of the cells membrane
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cell wall
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lies outside of the plasma membrane
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tissue
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group of cells that have the same basic structure and function
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organ
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group of tissues w/ same properties
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system
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group of organs working together
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cytoplasm
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holds everything in the cell
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eukaryotes
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cells that contain a nucleus - plant, animal, etc
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prokaryotes
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no nucleus
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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looks like chocolate- ribosomes attatch to it
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ribosomes
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tiny particles composed of RNA and protein - produces proteins
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golgi bodies
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lie near ER - modifys and packs proteins
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mitochondria
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breaks down molecules to release energy for cell reactions
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nucleus
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central control center - middle of cell
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chromatin
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consists of individual proteins - around nucleus
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chromosomes
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consist of DNA and proteins - copied to reproduce
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nucleoli
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made of chromosome parts - hold DNA copies
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chloroplasts
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green - used in photosynthesis
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plastids
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storage or contains pigments.. ex: chloroplasts
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lysosomes
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break down food - digestion
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vacuoles
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storge within the cell
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centrioles
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separate to opp. ends of cells during reproduction
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symbiosis
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relationship in which 2 organisms coenside and depend on eachother
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alcoholic fermentation
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when enzymes break down glucose into ATP
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spontaneous generation
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things just appear - no evolution
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interphase
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growing cycle of a cells life
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mitosis
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reproduction that forms two cells
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prophase
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1st stage of mitosis - spindles form - centrioles split - two chromatids are conected by a centromere
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metaphase
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2nd stage - chromosomes line up in center of cell
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anaphase
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3rd stage - centromeres split and chromatids are drawn to centrioles
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telephase
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4th and last stage - cell splits
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binary fission
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when DNA is replicated and 2 cells are formed
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diploid
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things having two of each chromosome
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homologues
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the two same chromosomes
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zygote
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single fertalized egg
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gametes
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sex cells
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haploid
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sex cells - contain one of each chromosome
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meiosis
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process that forms sex cells
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meiosis outline
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interphase I, telephase I, anaphase I, telephase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telephase II
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genetics
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science of heredity
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allele
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letter that stands for a trait - ex: blue eyes = bb
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incomplete dominance
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when a trait is neither dominant or recessive
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codominance
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when on allele is not dominant over the other
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4 nitrogen bases
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adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine
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nucleotide
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combination of a nitrogen base, sugar, and a phosphate group
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dexyribose
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sugar in a nucleotide
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codon
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set of 3 bases representing a protein code
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transcription
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formation of RNA from DNA
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translation
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synthesis of a polypeptide from from the RNA info
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anticodon
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set of bases that is specific to an amino acid the tRNA carries
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deletion
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mutation where a nucleotide is deleted
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insertion
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mutation where a nucletide is inserted
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point mutation
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mutation where one nucletide is substituted for another one
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oncogenes
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cancer-causing genes
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plasmids
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small circular pieces of DNA
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trisomy
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having one too many of one chromosome
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amniocentesis
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technique where they sample the fluid around the baby
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what is the dna sugar?
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dexyribose
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