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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genetic trait?
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characteristic that is pased down on a gene
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What is an allele?
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diferent varieties of the same gene (we posess 2 alleles)
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Mendel
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austrian monk; experimented w/ pea plants and formulated major theories on heredity (1860s)
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Chosee pea plants because..?
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- pea produces rapidly
- he brushed pollen onto the pistil of another plant - easily observed traits(color, height, shape, etc) --? contol control mutiny |
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Theory of factors (genes)
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something (we call them gene) is passed from parents to offspring that controls appearance of traits in the offspirng
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Theory of paired factors
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PW + PW --> WW
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Paired factors
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for each trait, an indivudlual possesses a pair of factors (alleles) -- one from mom/dad
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Theory of dominance/recessive
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- some factos (alleles) are dominant: ALWAYS appear no matter what they are pared with
- ome are recessive: will NEVER show up if paired with a dominant |
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Homozygous
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both alleles of the pair are the same (D/D/ or r/r)
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Heterozugous
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when one allele is paired with another (d+r)
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Theory of segregation
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- factors (alleles) for each trait come in pairs
- these pairs split up ( segregate) during meiosis - one allele goes into 2 sperms/eggs/ the other allele goes into another 2 sperms/eggs |
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Law of independent assortment (explains variability
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- says that traits are passed on/ inherited independently of each other (jut because you inherited your mothers blue eyes does not mean you also get her red hair)
- during meiosis (gamete formation) -there is a random assortment of male/female in each gamete |
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Genotype
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sum total of genes/alleles (your ENTIRE collection)
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Phentotype
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the genes that are expressed (what actually SHOWS UP)
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