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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrogen bond
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weak chemical bonds easily broken, between molecule bonds
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Solvent
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the dissolving agent
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Solute
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what is being dissolved
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Solution
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mixture of solute and solvent
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Cohesion
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Ability for water to "stick" to other water molecules
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Adhesion
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Ability for water to "stick" (hydrogen bond) to other molecules
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Covalent bonds
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Interactions between two atoms where a pair of valence electrons are shared
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single bond
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One pair shared electrons
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Double bond
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two pairs shared electrons
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Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Neither atom has stronger pull on electrons
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Polar covalent bonds
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One atom has stronger "pull" to shared electrons
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electronegative
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attractive shared pairs of electrons.
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Ionic bonding
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One atom so electronegative; it takes electrons from other atoms.
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ions
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charged atoms
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hydrophobic
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water phobia; does not dissolve in water
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Polarity
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A difference inelectrical charge at one end of a molecule compared to the other.
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Hydrophilic
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Will interact with water
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Neutral
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Neither stronly acidic nor basic.
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Acidic solution
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have a high concentration of hydrogen ion donor
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acid
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gibes off hydrogen ions in a proton solution donor
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base
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removes hydrogen ions from a solution. Hydrogen ion acceptor
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basic solution
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Lower amounts of hydrogen ions
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Buffers
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minimize pH change can accept of release hydrogen ions.
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Hydrocarbons
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Carbon and Hydrogen nonpolar hydrophobic covalent bonds
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isomers
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sme chemical formula with different structured arrangement (shape!)
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Macromolecules
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large molecules; most macromolecules are polymers
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Polymers
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Are lare molecule composed of many smaller similar subunits monomers
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Monomers
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small sub unit of polymers
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condensation reaction
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results in loss of one water molecule during formation of one covalent linkage
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Hydrolysis reaction
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To break down polymers
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Enzymes
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special class of proteins that make biological reactions occur in cells. 40-50 monomers in cells
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Monosaccharides
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simple sugars water soluble. glucose is most common monosaccharide
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