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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell membrane
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a passage way in and out of the cell
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cell wall
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protection for plant cells, keeps plants stiff and upright
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chloroplast
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absorbs sunlight to make food fro plants
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cytoplasm
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water and salt glop that organelles float in
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golgi apparatus
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processes material to go in and out of the cell
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mitochondria
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makes energy for the cell
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nucleus
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directs activity and house DNA
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ribosomes
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makes protein
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vacuole
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stores water and waste products
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endoplasmic reticlum
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moves material in and out of the cell (shipping department)
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cell theory
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cells are the smallest unit of life, all organisms are made of cells, all cells come from other cells
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what is the smallest unit of life?
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the cell
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differences between plant and animal cells
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plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a big central vacuole
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how do molecules move during osmosis and diffusion
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from high to low concentration
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enzyme
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lower the amount activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction in the body
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substrate
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substance an enzyme works on to lower activation energy
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gene
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unit of heredity found on DNA
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Allele
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one of the number of forms of gene that can be produce different effects (ex: brown vs blonde hair)
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Dominant
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trumps recessive gene when expressed represented by upper case letters
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Recessive
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trumped by dominate gene when expressed represented by lower case letters
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Genotype
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genes an organism carries
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phenotype
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physical traits an organism has
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chromosome
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strand of genetic material made of DNA
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Sex- Linked
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traits, that affect only one gender
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are the cells produced by mitosis identical?
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the 2 produced in mitosis are identical to the original cell
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are the cells produced by meiosis?
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the 4 produced in meiosis are not identical to the original cell
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mutations in which type of cell can be passed down?
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gametic cells ( sex cells) can be passed down to future generations
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how many chromosomes are in body cells?
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46
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hoe many chromosomes are in sex cells?
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23
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homozygous
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2 of the same gene pair
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heterozygous
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pair of different genes
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incomplete dominance
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1 allele is not completely dominate over the other creating a 3rd phenotype
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test cross
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test for unknown genotype of an individual showing the dominate trait
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gender chromosomes for female
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XX
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gender chromosomes for male
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XY
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describe the appearance of male drosophila
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smaller in size, darker colored abdomen
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describe the appearance of female drosophila
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larger in size, lighter colored abdomen
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What is the finial product made transcription?
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an RNA molecule carrying the complimentary sequence to the DNA strand
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what is the finial product made by translation
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a set of amino acids that link together to make a protein chain
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prophase
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nuclear membrane disappears
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metaphase
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chromosomes align in the center
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anaphase
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spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite sides
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telophase
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nuclear membrane reappears around 2 new sets of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
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cells split apart into 2 diploid daughter cells
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Meiosis
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the process in which sex cells are reproduced
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crossing over
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the information on chromosome stands are mixed
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the 4 stages in mitosis in the order they occur
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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G1
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cell growth before DNA replication
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S
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DNA is replicated
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G2
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Cell growth before mitosis
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M (MITOSIS)
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Cell division
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what type of cells are formed during meiosis
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sex cells
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how many cells does meiosis end with?
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4
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hahahha
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hahah
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