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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic Number
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Gives you the number of protons (b/c atoms are generally neutral in charge) # of protons = # of electrons |
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Mass Number
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Number of protons + # of neutrons
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Proton
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positive charge, 1 Dalton, inside the nucleus
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Neutrons
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no charge, 1 Dalton, inside the nucleus
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Electrons
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negative charge, 0 Dalton, outside the nucleus
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Isotope
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-element can exist in different forms (any of the atoms of an element with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons & different physical properties -All isotopes have SIMILAR chemical properties (same # of electrons) but different physical properties) |
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Radioactive Isotope
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-nucleus breaks down releasing subatomic particles (energy) in form of radiation -Each have a constant half light |
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Half Light
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-time it takes for half of a atom in a sample to decay -constant but varies between radioactive isotopes |
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Electronegativity
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force of attraction for electrons
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Covalent bonds
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share electrons
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Non-polar bonds
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type of covalent bond, share equally
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Polar
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-type of covalent bond, shared slightly unequally (slightly negative/slightly positive) -sides with the one with higher electronegativity |
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Ionic
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-transfer of electrons -one loses (positive/cation) and one gains (negative/anion) |
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Electronegativity Difference
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subtraction answer (subtract bigger from smaller)
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Tetrahedral
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Intramolecular Bonds
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bonds within the same molecule -covalent and ionic bond |
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Intermolecular Bonds
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bonds between different molecules -London dispersion, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bond |
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London Dispersion
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occurs between nonpolar molecules and noble gases. Caused by random
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