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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deoxyribose with nucleotides A, G, C, T
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DNA
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Ribose with nucleotides A, G, C, U
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mRNA
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RNA synthesis from a DNA template
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Transription
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synthesis of a polypeptide (protein) using the genetic information encoded in a mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule (change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids)
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Translation
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3 nucleotide code that specifies either a particular amino acid of terminal signal
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codon
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The genetic code is ______ but not ________
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Redundant/Ambiguous
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UAA, UGA, or UAG dont code
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Stop codons
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transcribes DNA into RNA
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RNA polymerase
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RNA polymerase binds to DNA and initiates transcription
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Initiation
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Non coding sequences
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Introns
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Coding sequences
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Exons
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Synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule
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Translation
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interpreters,carries amino acid and recognizes mRNA by its anticodon
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tRNA
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Occurs in cytoplasm and is function of RNA
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Translation
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Protein shell that encloses the viral genome
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Capsid
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Protein subunits that make up the capsid
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Capsomeres
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Membranes surrounding capsid of some viruses that are derived from host cell but contain proteins and glycoproteins of viral origin
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Envelope
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Capable of reproducing only within a host cell
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Obligate Intracellular Parasites
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Mode of reproduction that results in the lysis (breaking open, death) of the host cell
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Lytic Cycle
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Mode of replication in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage
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Lysogenic Cycle
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Phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle
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Virulent Virus
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Phage that is capable of reproducing by both the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle
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Temperate Virus
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harmless variants or derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
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Viruses
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harmless variants or derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
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Antibodies
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inhibits reverse transcriptase of retroviruses (HIV) and acyclovir, inhibits herpesvirus DNA synthesis
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Antiviral Drugs
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a specific sequence in DNA that directs RNA polymerase to bind and indicates the start of transcription
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Promoter
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a DNA region at one end of an operon that acts as the binding site for repressor protein
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Operator
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- a set of adjacent structural genes whose mRNA is synthesized in one piece, plus the adjacent regulatory signals that affect transcription of the structural genes
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Operon
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- a protein that suppresses the transcription of a gene
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Repressor
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