Biology Exam 3 Lesson 18

Front 1

Oviparous

Back 1

* Fertilized eggs are deposited outside of mothers body to complete development
* Obtain all nourishment from egg and are fully developed when hatch

Front 2

Ovo-viviparous

Back 2

* Fertilized eggs are retained inside mothers body to complete development
* eggs develop internally but young feed on yolk

Front 3

Viviparous

Back 3

Young develop inside mother and obtain nourishment from mother blood

Front 4

Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Back 4

Can produce egg and sperm at same time

Front 5

Sequential Hermaphrodites

Back 5

Animals can change sexes

Front 6

Parthenogenesis

Back 6

* Form of asexual reproduction
* Females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

Front 7

Marsupials

Back 7

* Vivparous
* Fetal development completed in pouch
* uterus not specialized for implantation although a placenta does not exist for a few days in a few species

Front 8

Placental

Back 8

* Viviparous
* Fetal development completed in uterus
* More completely developed at birth

Front 9

Estrous cycle

Back 9

female receptive to male around ovulation

Front 10

Menstrual cycle

Back 10

females menstruate; receptive to male at any time

Front 11

LH male

Back 11

* Targets lytic cells in testes and triggers testosterone secretion
* Testosterone promotes and maintains secondary sexual characteristics and stimulates spermatogenesis
* Testosterone Stimulates negative feedback on LH secretion

Front 12

LH female

Back 12

* Surge in LH halfway through ovarian cycle trigger ovulation

Front 13

FSH male

Back 13

* Targets sertoli cells
* Sertoli cells stimulate sperm development and release inhibin
* Inhibin promotes negative feedback on FSH secretion

Front 14

FSH female

Back 14

* LH and FSH start the ovarian cycle

Front 15

HCG

Back 15

* If fertilization does occur the embryo prevents regression of carpus ileleum by releasing HCG
* Menstruation is then presented
* Hormone tested for in most pregnancy tests
* released by the gastrula

Front 16

Fecundity

Back 16

number of offspring produced

Front 17

Monotremes

Back 17

egg laying mammals (oviparous)

Front 18

Advantages to fertilization

Back 18

* Genetic diversity
* Population cohesivness
* adaptive alleles

Front 19

Asexual

Back 19

* Budding
* Fragmentation
* Parthenogenesis

Front 20

progesterone

Back 20

* Once inplanted the placenta produces progesterone

Keeps menstrual cycle from happen
* Maintains endomentrium
* Provents ovulation
* Evidence that females immune system response against fetus suppressed