Biology Exam 2

Front 1

If there are 20 centromeres in a cell how many chromosomes are there?

Back 1

20

Front 2

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have during anaphase?

Back 2

16

Front 3

During which phases of mitosis do we find chromosomes composed of 2 chromatids?

Back 3

from G2 of interphase through mitosis

Front 4

The MPF protein complex turns itself off by

Back 4

activating an enzyme that destroys cyclin

Front 5

If mammalian cells recieve a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will

Back 5

complete the cycle and divide

Front 6

Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?

Back 6

G0

Front 7

What causes the rhythmic change in cyclin concentration in the cell cycle?

Back 7

its destruction by an enzyme phosphorylated by MPF

Front 8

If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have how many chromosomes?

Back 8

12

Front 9

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

Back 9

late prophase of meiosis 1

Front 10

Recombinant chromosomes are the result of

Back 10

crossing-over

Front 11

Why are the absorption spectrums for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis different?

Back 11

other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a

Front 12

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

Back 12

harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll

Front 13

Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

Back 13

thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Front 14

What do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

Back 14

chemiosmosis and ATP synthase

Front 15

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Back 15

stroma of the chloroplast

Front 16

In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a

Back 16

C4 plant

Front 17

Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stomata are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when the stomata are closed are called

Back 17

CAM plants

Front 18

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Back 18

mitochondrial inner membrane

Front 19

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

Back 19

inner membrane

Front 20

How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be released from the complete aerobic respiration of a molecule of sucrose (C12H22O11), a disaccharide?

Back 20

12

Front 21

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in

Back 21

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Front 22

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Back 22

NADH and pyruvate

Front 23

Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which process?

Back 23

transferring electrons from organic molecules to oxygen

Front 24

During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

Back 24

food > glycolysis > krebs cycle > NADH > ATP

Front 25

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

Back 25

energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase

Front 26

During aerobic cellular respiration, a proton gradient in mitochrondria will be generated by _______ and used primarily for ______

Back 26

the electron transport chain... ATP synthesis

Front 27

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

Back 27

inner membrane

Front 28

How many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose in cellular respiration?

Back 28

36

Front 29

How many carbon atoms feed into the krebs cycle

Back 29

2

Front 30

How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?

Back 30

by lowering the energy of activation of a reaction

Front 31

During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a G of -20 kcal/mol. You double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, and the G now equals

Back 31

-20 kcal/mol

Front 32

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

Back 32

entropy of the universe

Front 33

According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme function

Back 33

the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme slightly

Front 34

A chemical reaction that has a positive G is correctly described as

Back 34

endergonic

Front 35

What is true regarding catabolic pathways?

Back 35

they release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers

Front 36

What is part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Back 36

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Front 37

Molecules capable of interacting must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's

Back 37

activation energy

Front 38

Which of the following is the most randomized form of energy?

Back 38

thermal (heat) energy

Front 39

A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygous white-flowered pea plants results in offspring with purple flowers. This demonstrates

Back 39

dominance

Front 40

A couple who are both carriers of the gene for cystic fibrosis have 2 children who have cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that their next child will be phenotypically normal?

Back 40

75%

Front 41

The offspring of 2 heterozygous purple-flowering plants (Pp x Pp) results in

Back 41

purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants

Front 42

Albinism is caused by a recessive autosomal allele. What is the genotype of an albino child?

Back 42

homozygous recessive

Front 43

A 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of

Back 43

incomplete dominance

Front 44

What is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Back 44

skin pigmentation in humans

Front 45

What is the relationship between seed color and flower color that Mendel studied?

Back 45

they are linked on the same chromosome