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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3' Poly(a) Tail
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A long sequence of adenine nucleotides (50-250) added after transcription to the 3'end of most eukaryotic mRNAs.
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Anticodon
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The three nucleotides in transfer RNA that pair with a complementary triplet (a codon) in messenger RNA.
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Codon
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Three nucleotides in messenger RNA that direct the placement of a particular amino acid into a polypeptide chain.
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Cytosol
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The fluid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding organelles and other solids.
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Exon
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A portion of a DNA molecule, in eukaryotes, that codes for part of a polypeptide.
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Genetic Code
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The set of instructions, in the form of nucleotide triplets, that translate a linear sequence of nucleotides in mRNA into a linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.
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Glycosylation
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The addition of carbohydrates to another type of molecule, such as a protein.
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Intron
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A portion of a DNA molecule that, because of RNA splicing, is not involved in coding for part of a polypeptide molecule.
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Peptide Bond
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The bond between amino acids in a protein. Formed between a carboxyl group and amino group with the loss of water molecules.
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Phosphorylation
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The addition of a phosphate group.
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Primary Structure of a Protein
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The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.
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Promoter Sequence
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The region of an operon that acts as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase.
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Proteolysis
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An enzymatic digestion of a protein or polypeptide.
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RNA Splicing
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The last stage of RNA processing in eukaryotes, in which the transcripts of introns are excised through the action of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP).
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Secondary Structure of Protein
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Localized regularities of structure, such as the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet.
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Spliceosome
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An RNA-protein complex that splices out introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNAs.
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Start Codon
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The mRNA triplet (AUG) that acts as a signal for the beginning of translation at the ribosome.
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Stop Codon
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Any of the three mRNA codons that signal the end of protein translation at the ribosome: UAG, UGA, UAA.
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Tertiary Structure of Protein
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The relative locations in three-dimensional space of all the atoms in the molecule. The overall shape of a protein.
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