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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gametophyte
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-multicellular
-unisexual or bisexual - produce haploid gametes cells(flagellated sperm or eggs) |
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Male gametophyte
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-release sperm into environment
-fuse with retained female gametes(fertillization) -resaults in zygote |
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zygote
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-develops into the diploid, multicellular sporophyte.
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sporophyte
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-releases haploid spores
- germinate and grow into multicellular haploid gametophyte. |
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Gametangia
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-jacketed nulti-cellular structures
-occurs in all seedless plants - gametes are produced *two types exists 1. antheridia 2. archegonium |
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Antheridia
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-produce flagellated sperm
-swim to archegonium |
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Archegonium
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-contains single egg
-new sporophyte grows |
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Sporophyte-> growth
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-anchored to gametophyte by a foot
-initially dependent on gametophyte (zygote to early embryo) |
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Land plants
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Alternate between diploid and haploid stage
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diploid stage plants
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-called gametophyes
-produce haploid gametes via mitosis -release into enviorment -gametes fuse to create diploid zygote. -grows into sporophyte generation (diploid) |
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Haploid stage plants
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-called sporophye generation
-undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores -relased into enviorment -grows into gametophyte generation (haploid) |
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Bryophytes
mosses and their kin |
3 distint phyla
1. hepatophyta 2. anthocerophyta 3. bryophyto |
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Bryophytes characterized by:
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*small hebaceous (nonwoody) bodies
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Bryophytes obtain nutrients via
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-thin leaves
- few cells thick, closely hug stem |
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Bryophytes structure
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-use rhizoids
-long tubes or stacks single cell or filaments of cell -anchor plants into ground |
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Bryophyte phyla 1
phylum hepatophyta (liverworts) |
2 types
1. thallose liverworts 2. leafy liverworts |
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Phylum heptophyta
Thallose liverworts |
-do not have leaf/stem organization
-consists of flat, spreading bodies or thalli example:Marchantia, conocephalum |
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Phylum heptophyta
leafy liverworts |
-small leaf like stuctures
-not true leaves |
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evolution of non-vascular seedlesss plants
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1. gametophyte dominatnt life stage
-poses antheridia and archegonia 2. sporophyte grows from archegonium 3. reproduction water dependent. |
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bryophytes taxa
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liverworts
hornworts mosses |
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Lecture 12
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Plant diversity 1
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Plants evolved from green algae
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shared characteristics:
- multicellular -eukaryotic -photosynthetic -cell walls contain cellulose |
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Charophyceans
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-closest land plant relative
-inhabit shallow ephemeral waters -algea |
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Plant and charophyceans similarites
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-rose shaped complexes for cellulose sunthesis(not linear)
-perozisome enzymes -phragmoplast(specilized microtubes) |
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Terrestrial plant evolution
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-land invation during ORDOVICIAN 480 BYA.
adaptions cuticle, sporopollenin |
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Cuticle
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waterproof epidermal layer that keeps h20 in
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sporopollenin
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durable ploymer
prevents pollen/spores from drying out |
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Unique plants charactes
apical meristems |
Meristem-undifferntiated cells allowing growth
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UPC
alternation of generations |
multicellular IN individuals alternates
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UPC
Sporangia contain walled spores |
sporangia contain spurganin
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UPC
Multicellular gametangia |
gamete producing organ
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UPC
multicellular dependant embryos |
zygote retained within females
embroy nurished placental transferells |
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Evolution of vascular plants
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seedless and seed
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vascular tissue
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cells form tubes to transport h20 and nutrient
1. xylem 2. phloem |
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Xylem transport
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water and minerals
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Phloem transport
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sugar and organic
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Vascular plants are...
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Sporophyte dominant
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Roots purpose:
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anchor plants
absorb nutrients provides support |
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leaves purpose:
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surface
increases photosynthesis |
