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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction; the number of protons determines the identity of the element.
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proton
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a positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei. It is the lightest and most stable baryon, having a charge equal in magnitude to that of the electron, a spin of 1/2 , and a mass of 1.673 × 10−2 7 kg. Symbol: P
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neutron
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an elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a proton, and spin of 1/2 : a constituent of the nuclei of all atoms except those of hydrogen. Symbol: n
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electron
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an elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge and existing independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom.
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valence electron
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electrons in the outermost ring of the different elements and their interactions are the basis for the elements different chemical properties.
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atomic number
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The number of protons in an atom.
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atomic mass
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The total of an atoms protons plus neutrons.
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molecular mass
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molecular weight
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Electronegativity
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A property of atomic nuclei that refers to the affinity of the nuclei for valence electrons. a nucleus that is more electronegative has a greater pull on electrons than one that is less electronegative.
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Ion
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An atom in which the # of electrons does not equal the # of protons & they are charged particles.
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cation
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an atom tat loses an electon and becomes positively charged
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anion
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an atom that gains an electron and becomes negatively charged.
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kinetic energy
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energy as movement
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entropy
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energy as degree of disorder
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enthalpy
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energy as heat
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ionic bonds
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are formed when atoms with opposite electrical charges (ions) attract
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covalant bond
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bond formed when two atms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
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hydrogen bond
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sharing of hydrogen atom
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chemical bonds
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when atoms with opposite charges attract (ionic bonds), when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons (covalent bonds),
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polar
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atoms with different electronegativity, electrons are not equally shared. unequal distribution of the electrons and the charge and this is polar covalant bonds and the molecules are polar.
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Non-polar
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Bonds between identical atoms and the electrons are equally shared.
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hydrophilic
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water loving
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hydrophobic
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waterr fearing
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Four elements that make up 96% of living matter
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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Atomic # & Atomic Mass
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Atomic # is the number of protons in an atom. Atomic mass equals the # of protons plus neutrons of an atom.
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Atomic weight & Mass #
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Atomic mass is the amount of a substance, weight is the force gravity exerts on a substance.
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macromolecule
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large assemblies of molecules
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amino acid
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make up proteins and are made of an amino group & an acidic carboxyl group.
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