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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three domains of life |
Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryata |
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What are the major bio molecules |
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids |
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What is a carbohydrate? |
Compound containing ch and o in a ratio of c1h2o1 |
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What is a lipid? |
A compound containing cho and somtimes n and p; it is insoluble in water and will contain a carboxile group and sometimes ester group |
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What is a protein? |
A polymer of amino acids |
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Define ionic bonds |
Shared electrons. One is a positive charge, one is a negative. Like a magnet. |
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Define Covalent bond |
A chemical bond formed by sharing of one or more electrons |
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Name the individuals on the early history of biology |
Aristotle, leeuwenhoek, linnaeus, lamarck, darwin, mendel, pasteur, haldane and oparin, iwanoski, miller, watson and crick |
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Who is aristotle? |
A greek philosopher in the 300 BC era, proposed a chain of being in "Scala Naturae" and made extensive observations on 500 animal species. |
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Who is Leeuwenhoek? |
The father of microbiology, from Holland in 1632-1723. He constructed microscopes and discovered red blood cells, sperm, bacteria, and animalcules |
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Who is Linnaeus? |
He came up with the classification system. Founded the concept of binomial nomenclature. Founder of modern systematics. |
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Who is lamarck? |
Came up with two evolutionary concepts. 1. Inheritance of acquired characters. (If they need it, theyll get it) 2. Concept of "use" and "disuse" (if they dont use it, they get rid of it) |
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Who is darwin? |
British naturalist, 1809-1882, he published a book called "on the origin of species" which is about natural selection. Came up with the theory of evolution. |
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What is the theory of evolution? |
1. There are variations among individuals 2. Organisms produce far more offspring than can survive. 3. Some individuals are better adapted to the environment 4. Some of the traits can be oassed on to future generations 5. Enormous spans of time were available |
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Who is Mendel? |
From austria, 1822-1884, he worked with pea plants to find the laws of inheritance, considered to be the founder of genetics. |
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Who is Pasteur? |
He discovered Pasteurization and the vaccine for the rabies. Disproved spontaneus generation with the famous "swan neck flask expirement" |
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Who is Haldane and Oparin? |
They proposed theories on the origin of life (independantly) and a reduced atmosphere devoid of oxygen from reduced substances including hyrdogen, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and co2 and h20 reacting with electrical discharges |
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Who is miller? |
From 1930 to 2007, united states, he was able to find the basic compounds for life. Starting with amonia, hydrogen, methane, and water |
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Who is Ivanoski? |
He is from 1864 to 1920 in Russia. Discovered the first virus. |
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Who is watson and crick? |
From united states and england, came up with the model of dna in 1953. |
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Who discovered the tobacco mosaic virus? |
Ivanoski |
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Define hydrolecis |
Addition of water to break a bond |
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Define hyrdration |
Addition of water to break a bond |
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What is dehydration or condensation? |
Removal of water to form a chemical bond |
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What is a virus? |
A substance that contains dna or Rna but not both, can only repoduce inside a living host cell. Its an obligatory indoparasite. |
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Describe bacteriophage |
A virus that attacks and destroys bacteria |
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Steps of the scientific method |
1. Propose a hypothesis 2. Conduct experiments to test hypothesis 1. Propose a hypothesis2. Conduct experiments to test hypothesis3. Formulate conclusions 3. Formulate conclusions |
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Define monomer |
A repeating basic compound of a polymer |
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Define polymer |
A long chain complex compound composed of many monomers. |
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What is a fat? |
Lipids that are solids at room temperatures. Mostly of animal origins. |
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What are oils? |
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature and are made of plants. |
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What are Saturated fats? |
Lipids with no carbon double bonds, mostly of animal origin. |
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What are unsaturated fats? |
Lipids with one or more double carbon bonds, mostly of plants. |
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What is Monounsaturated |
unsaturated with only one double carbon bond |
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What is polyunstaturated? |
An unstaturated with two or more double carbon bonds |
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What is Transfats |
Lipids that are transformed by hydrogenation. |
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What is hydrogenation |
The addition of hydrogens |
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Study the pictures of lipids, unstatruated, saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, steriod, and cholesterol. |
Study them **** face |
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Define monosaccharide |
Simple sugar with C6H12O6. Examples: fructose, galactose, and glucose. It is a source of energy. |
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Define diesaccharide |
A double monosaccharide, C12H22O11. Function: source of energy. Examples: lactose, maltose, and sucrose. |
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What is an amino acid? Be able to recognize it as well. |
A compound with an amino end and a carboxyl end |
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Define polysaccharide |
A complex sugar. Includes a ploymer. It is a source of energy and stored energy. Important component of the cell wall in plants and of the exoskeleton of animals. Examples: plant starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. Formula: C6H10O5 |
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The properties of water |
The cohesive nature of water, the ability of water to moderate temperature, the biological significance of ice floating, and the versatility of water as a solvent. |
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Cohesion of water |
Water molecules stick together as a result of hydrogen bonding |
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How water moderates temperature |
Because of hydrogen bonding, water has a stronger resistance to temperature change than most other substances. |
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The biological significance of ice floating |
When water molecules get cold enough, they move apart, with each molecule staying at "arms length" from its neighbor, forming ice. A chunk of ice floats because it is less dense than the liquid water in which it is floating. |
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Water as the solvent of life |
Water can dissolve an enormous variety of solutes necessary for life, providing a medium for chemical reactions. |
