Biology Exam 1

Front 1

Community

Back 1

All the species in an ecosystem that can interact

Front 2

Ecosystem

Back 2

community and its physical environment

Front 3

Factors of evolution

Back 3

Over production

Struggle for Existence

Individuals within species have variation

Front 4

Living creatures

Back 4

Able to make biomolecules

composed of cells

grow and reproduce

use energy and raw material

metabolism(take in materials, use them for work)

Respond to environmental factors

homeostasis

evolve, have adaptive traits

Front 5

Archean

Back 5

first prokaryotes

Front 6

Paleozoic

Back 6

Explosion of types of life, pangea

Front 7

Mesozoic

Back 7

Dinosaurs flourish, cone and fruit bearing plants

Front 8

Cenozoic

Back 8

mammals, recent life

Front 9

Compound

Back 9

two or more elements joined by chemical bond

Front 10

Base

Back 10

Hydroxide

Front 11

Acid

Back 11

hydrogen

Front 12

buffer

Back 12

prevents ph from changing dramatically

Front 13

dissolving

Back 13

Solute: being dissolved

Solvent: does dissolving

Solution: Solute + Solvent

Front 14

Hydroxyl group (FG)

Back 14

oxygen and hydrogen, makes things more basic

Front 15

Carbonal group (FG)

Back 15

aldehydes: oxygen at END

Ketones: oxygen in MIDDLE

(Benedict's reagent)

Front 16

Carboxyl (FG)

Back 16

combination of hydroxyl, and carbonyl.

Found in amino acids

Front 17

Amino group (FG)

Back 17

nitrogen, 2 hydrogen attached

Front 18

Sulfurhydryl (FG)

Back 18

sulfur attached to hydrogen

Front 19

Phosphate group (FG)

Back 19

appears in plasma membrane

Front 20

Methyl (FG)

Back 20

carbon, 3 hydrogen

Front 21

Carbohydrates

Back 21

Energy and structure

(starch tested for by IKI)

Front 22

Lipids

Back 22

hydrophobic, 7 types

Front 23

Fats (lipid)

Back 23

fatty acid tail on glycerol. If single bonded to glycerol, it is saturated fat. if double bonded, it is unsaturated fat

Front 24

Phospholipids (lipid)

Back 24

Has variable group, in plasma membranes, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

Front 25

Steroids (lipids)

Back 25

4 fused rings, makes up human hormones

Front 26

Waxes (lipids)

Back 26

firm, repel water, fatty acids in large chain

Front 27

Proteins

Back 27

enzymes, structure, storage (amino acids), transport,receptors, contractile, defensive

Front 28

Peptide bond

Back 28

One amino acid to another

Front 29

BACKBONE OF AMIINO ACID

Back 29

AMIINO GROUP

CARBON

CARBOXYL GROUP

(also hydrogen and R group)

Front 30

Backbone of nucleic acids

Back 30

Phosphate sugar

Front 31

Side chain of nucleic acids

Back 31

Bases

Front 32

Organization of proteins

Back 32

1)Primary: order of amino acids

2)Secondary: hydrogen bonds between backbones of polypeptide bonds

3)Tertiary: Bonds between side chains

4)Quaternary: Bonds between polypeptide chain

Front 33

Monomer of Nucleic acid

Back 33

nucleotide

Front 34

Functions of DNA

Back 34

Inheritance,

Determine what proteins are built

Front 35

Messenger RNA

Back 35

makes proteins

Front 36

Ribosomal RNA

Back 36

makes up ribosome

Front 37

Transfer RNA

Back 37

brings amino acids to the ribosome

Front 38

How many Amino acids make up protein?

Back 38

20

Front 39

Gene Expression

Back 39

1) RNA Synthesis (transcription)

2) RNA EDITING

3) Protein synthesis (translation)

Front 40

RNA Synthesis

Back 40

Initiation: promoter adds on, proteins add on,

Elongation: Rna builds

Termination: Rna polymerase stop building at sequence TTATTT

Front 41

Rna editing

Back 41

occurs in nucleus, extra nucleotides at end.

Front 42

Splicing

Back 42

Introns are cut out, exons remain. get spliced in splicosome

Front 43

Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acid

Back 43

Made of:

Phosphate

Pentose sugar

Nitrogen containing base