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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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developed a model of DNA as a double helix, in which 2 strands are wound together
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watson and crick in 1953 |
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DNA is composed of monomers called
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nucletides |
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What are the 3 parts in the nucleotide?
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5-C sugar called deoxyribose phosphate group nitrogen-containing base |
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2 types of bases in DNA:
PURINES:have a double ring of C&N. 2 exs.. |
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adenine (A) and guanine (G) |
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2 types of bases in DNA:
PYRIMIDINES:have a single ring of C&N. 2 exs.. |
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cytosine (C) and thymine (T) |
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A pairs with...
C pairs with... |
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A~T C~G |
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the bases of one strand are held to the bases of the other strand by ________
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hydrogen bonds |
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-DNA and protein form this
-thin,uncoiled strands -when it thikens and coils, it forms chromosomes |
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chromatin |
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DNA Reproduction:
when the ______ untwists, the 2 strands of DNA are paralled |
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double helix |
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and ___ unzips the hydrogen bonds b/w the bases
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enzyme |
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The strands of ___ seperate and each half of the DNA molecule serves as a pattern for a new formation
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nucleotides |
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the newly formed complementary strands join with the old strands with the aid of another ____
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enzyme |
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the connected strands twist to form ___ identical DNA molecules
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2 |
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Replication can begin at ____ simultaneously on the same molecule making the process faster
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many points |
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What kinds of damages do enzymes need to repair to the DNA? This is called ____.
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~heat, radiation ~mutations |
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RNA deals with
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protein synthesis |
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~single nucleotide
~sugar is ribose ~contains uracil instead of thymine |
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RNA |
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carries info from DNA to ribosome for protein synthesis
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messenger RNA (mRNA) |
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carries the proper amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly
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transfer RNA (tRNA) |
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a major component of ribosomes
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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formation of proteins
(translation) |
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Protein Synthesis |
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proteins are made by joining amino acids which is the monomer into long chains called ____
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polypeptides |
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amino acids are held together by ____
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peptide bonds (C~N bonds) |
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A protein only functions properly if the amino acids are in ____
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the proper order |
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what do enzymes control in the cell?
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cell activity |
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the info for making proteins is called ___
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the genetic code (DNA) |
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DNA give the information to ____
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mRNA |
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the process of making mRNA from instruction in DNA is called____. this creates mRNA with a base sequence complementary to DNA.
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transcription |
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a ___ is a group of 3 DNAs
a ___ is a group of 3 RNAs |
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triplet codon |
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each codon codes for a _____
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specific amino acid |
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mRNA carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the ______.
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cytoplasm |
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tRNA carries the proper amino acids to the ribosomes where they are assembled by the process called ____.
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translation |
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the 3 bases on the tRNA molecule are complementary to the mRNA codons and are called _____.
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anticodons |
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changes in the DNA sequence that affects genetic info are called ____.
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mutations |
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environmental factors that cause mutations
ex- x-rays, radiation, asbestos, tars from tabacco, viruses |
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mutagens |
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specific DNA on the chromosome that codes for a specific characteristic
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gene |
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gene mutations result from a change in ____
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a single gene |
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_____ invole changes in the number or structure of chromosomes
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chromosome mutations |
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a gene is expressed when a gene is activated, resulting in the formation of a _____
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protein |
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cells regulate which proteins are active by controlling ______.
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gene expression |
