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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Digestion Defintion |
The process in which large molecules are hydrolysed by enzymes to produce smaller molecules that can be absorbed and assimilated. |
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Hydrolysis Definition |
the splitting up of molecules by adding water to the chemical bonds which hold them together. |
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Assimilation Definition |
Molecules are incorporated into the bodies tissues or used in processes in the body. |
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Teeth in Digestion |
The teeth are the first stage of mechanical digestion, saliva in the mouth begins chemical digestion. |
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Epiglottis |
Is a flap at the top of the trachea, which closes over when we swallow preventing the food and liquid from enterring the lungs. To ensure the food goes down the oesphagus. |
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Liver |
the liver processes assimilated nutrience from the ileum, into chemicals which are used in bodily functions. |
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Gall Bladder |
secretes bile into the bile duct, then into the duodenum. |
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Bile duct |
Bile is secreted from the gall bladder through the bile duct into the duodenum. |
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Large intestine/ colon |
Have villi but no microvilli and contin glands which secrete mucus. The most useful substanes have already been absorbed, water, minerals and salts are absorbed by diffution from the large intestine. |
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Apendix |
stores bacteria and undigested material |
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Salivary Gland |
secretes digestive enzymes (amylase) into the mouth, which breaks down carbohydrase (starch) in the mouth into maltose. |
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Tounge |
churns the food in the mouth to ensure full saliva coverage and break down by teeth. |
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Oesophagus |
Has a thin epithelium, with no villi, and has a few glands secreting mucus - slippery. Consists of a thich muscle layer which is able to contract and relax in order to move food down, this movement is called peristalsis. |
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Stomach |
3 layers of muscle, which contract and relax to churn the food, which is mechanical digestion. It's natural acidic pH is suitable to kill bacteria, and to aid the break down of food. Also is the optimum pH for pepsin which breaks down proteins into amino acids. Thick epithelium mucus lubricance to protect the stomach from the hydrochloric acid. |
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Duodenum |
Where acid from stomach is neutralised by bile, also where the break down of fats starts from big droplet to small ones. Absorbtion of soluble molecules begins into the blood. |
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Pancreas |
Where digestive enzymes are produced e.g. trypsin hydrolyses protein into polypeptide chains. |
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Ileum/ Small Intestine |
Has villi and micrivilli, which increase the surface area, where the most of the chemical digestion take place, diffusion down a concentration gradient. Through a partially permeable membrane, and into the blood stream. All food groups are assimilated here. |
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Rectum |
where insoluble food, and waste are held before excretion |
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Bile |
Neutralises stomach acid Turns mass slightly alkalaic, which is optimum for enzymes in the ileum Begins break down of fats, from big droplets into many smaller ones. |
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Enzyme |
Is a biological catalyst which increases the rate of a reaction. |
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Where does nutrients from the food end up? |
In the blood - from duodenum. ileum, colon |
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Peptidase |
hydrolyses peptides into amino acids |
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Lactase |
hydrolyses lactose into glucose and galactose |
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Sucrase |
hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose |
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Chromtrypism |
hydrolyses protein into peptides |
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Carboxypeptidase |
hydrolyses peptides into amino acids |
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Maltose |
hydrolyses maltase into glucose |
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Lipase |
hydrolyses lipids into fatty acids and glycerol |
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Trypsin |
hydrolyses protein into peptides |
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Pepsin |
hydrolyses protein ito peptides |
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Amylase |
hydrolyses starch into maltose |
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Enzymes found in the Salivary Glands |
Amylase |
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Enzymes found in the Stomach |
Pepsin |
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Enzymes found in the Pancreas |
Amylase, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Lipase |
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Enzymes found in the Ileum |
Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase, Peptidase |
