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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are several possibilities for the origin of life on Earth? |
Extraterrestrial origin, Supernatural creation or evolution |
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Why does science support evolution? |
Because it's testable |
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What did the atmosphere used to contain? |
Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and methane |
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What did Miller and Urey come up with? |
They reconstructed the oxygen-free atmosphere of the early Earth in their Laboratory |
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What is primordial soup? |
Biological molecules formed in the earth's oceans |
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What were most likely the first macromolecules to be formed? |
RNA since it's more stable than DNA |
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What is the simplest and most abundant organisms on Earth? |
Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) |
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What important roles does prokaryotes play in the biosphere? |
Cycling minerals, creating oxygen in Earth's atmosphere and causes many diseases |
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What are prokaryotes? |
Small, Simply Organized and single cells that lack a nucleus |
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What is the rod-shaped bacterial cell called? |
Bacilli |
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What is the spherical bacterial cell called? |
Cocci |
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What is the spirally coiled bacterial cell called? |
Spirilla |
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What is the bacterial cell wall made up of? |
Peptidoglycan |
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What is gram-negative? |
Thinner cell wall is surrounded by an outer membrane Gram stain |
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What is gram positive? |
No outer membrane and the cell wall is much thicker |
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What is flagella (flagelum)? |
Long strands of protein used in swimming |
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What is pili (pilus)? |
Shorter strands that act as docking cables |
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What are endospores? |
Thick walled enclosures of DNA and a small bit of cytoplasm that are extremely resistant to environmental stress |
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What is binary fission? |
Splitting into two |
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What is conjugation? |
Occurs through a special connection that forms between bacterial cells ➡ conjugating Bridge |
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Where do methanogens live? |
In anaerobic environments |
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Where do extremophiles live? |
Harsh environments |
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Where do thermoacidophiles live? |
They favor hot, acidic Springs |
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What is cyan bacteria? |
Mostly photosynthetic, also do nitrogen fixation with heterocysts converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form |
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What are viruses? |
Parasitic chemical segments of DNA (sometimes RNA) wrapped in a protein coat called capsid |
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What is a capsid? |
A protein coat with DNA segments wrapped in |
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What are bacteriophages? |
Viruses that infect bacteria |
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Protista also has... |
Cilia, flagella, pseudo pods and gliding mechanisms |
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Some protists can survive harsh environmental conditions by forming... |
Cysts |
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What are phototrophs? |
photosynthetic autotrophs |
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What are phagotrophs? |
Ingest visible particles of food |
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What is the intracellular vesicle that ingests food when put into and are then broken down by lysosomes afterwards? |
Food vasuoles |
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What is osmotrophs? |
Ingest food in soluble form |
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How do protists typically reproduce? |
Asexually, most reproducing sexually only in times of stress |
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What is a common form of asexual reproduction for protists? |
Fission and budding |
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Sexual reproduction for protists occurs only rarely by... |
Exchanging nuclei (most diverse) |
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What is fungi? |
Heterotroph, decomposers have filamentous bodies, have non-mentile sperm |
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What is hyphae (Hypha)? |
Fungi exist mainly in the form of Slender filaments called this |
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What is mycelium (mycelia)? |
A mass of hyphae |
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Cytoplasmic streaming |
Cytoplasm is able to cross between adjacent hyphal cells by this process |
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Spores are... |
A common means of asexual reproduction |
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In sexual reproduction... |
Hyphae of two different matiny types come together |
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What type of hyphae is called dikaryotic |
The nuclei often do not immediately fuse but instead coexist in a common cytoplasm |
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What's an example of a type of fungi that is predatory? |
Oyster fungus |
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The 4 fungi phyla are distinguished by their... |
Mode of sexual reproduction |
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What is imperfect fungi? |
Fungi in which sexual reproduction has not been observed |
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Fungi often acts as... |
A disease to organisms for both plants and animals |
