Biology Chp 5 Vocab

Front 1

fluid-mosaic model

Back 1

model proposing that the plasma membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer with partically or wholly embedded proteins

Front 2

integral proteins

Back 2

proteins that pass completely or partially through the plasma membrane

Front 3

transmembrane proteins

Back 3

integral proteins that protrude from both surfaces of the bilayer

Front 4

peripheral proteins

Back 4

proteins that are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane

Front 5

glycolipids

Back 5

a carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid in the phospholipid bilayer

Front 6

glycoproteins

Back 6

a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the phospholipid bilayer

Front 7

channel proteins

Back 7

protein that forms a channel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane

Front 8

carrier proteins

Back 8

protein that combines with hand transports a molecule across the plasma membrane

Front 9

cell recognition proteins

Back 9

glycoprotein that helps the body recognize and defend itself against pathogens

Front 10

receptor proteins

Back 10

protein located in the plasma membrane that binds to a substance that alters some metabolic aspect of the cell

Front 11

enzymatic proteins

Back 11

a protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction

Front 12

differentially permeable

Back 12

ability of the plasma membrane to allow some substances to pass into the cell and prevent the passage of others

Front 13

concentration gradient

Back 13

a gradual change in the concentration of a chamical from one point to another

Front 14

diffusion

Back 14

the movement of molecules from a higher concentration until equilibrium

Front 15

osmosis

Back 15

diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

Front 16

osmotic pressure

Back 16

the pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

Front 17

isotonic solution

Back 17

solution that has an equal solute concentration to the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 18

tonicity

Back 18

the concentration of the solution in relation to the cell

Front 19

hypotonic solution

Back 19

a solution with a lower solute concentration that the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 20

turgor pressure

Back 20

pressure of a plant cell's contents against the cell wall

Front 21

hypertonic solution

Back 21

a solution with a higher solute content than the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 22

crenation

Back 22

the shriveling of animal cells that are in a hypertonic solution

Front 23

plasmolysis

Back 23

contraction/shrinking of the cytoplasm away from the cell wall due to the loss of water by osmosis

Front 24

facilitated transport

Back 24

passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell by a process that requires a carrier protein

Front 25

active transport

Back 25

use of a plasma membrane carrier protein to move a molecule or ion from a low concentration to a high concentration

Front 26

sodium-potassium pump

Back 26

carrier protein in the plasma membrane that moves Na+ ions out of K+ ions into animal cells

Front 27

exocytosis

Back 27

process in which a vesicla inside of the cell fuses with the plasma membrane releasing its contents outside of the cell (secretion)

Front 28

endocytosis

Back 28

vesicle formation process by which substances are moves into the cell from the environment

Front 29

phagocytosis

Back 29

process by which calls engulf large particles forming an intracellular vacuole

Front 30

pinocytosis

Back 30

process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell

Front 31

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 31

selective uptake of molecules into a cell by vacuole formation after they bind to specific receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

Front 32

anchoring junctions

Back 32

junctions that mechanically attach to adjacent cells

Front 33

adhesion junctions

Back 33

junction netween cells in which adjacent plasma membranees do not touch but are held together by intercellular filaments attached to cytoplasma plaque

Front 34

desmosome

Back 34

intercellular junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

Front 35

tight junctions

Back 35

junction between cells when adjacent plasma membrane proteins join to form an impermeable barrier

Front 36

gap junction

Back 36

junction between cells formed by the joining of two adjacent plasma membranes

Front 37

extracellular matrix

Back 37

a nonliving meshwork of polysaccharudes and proteins in close association with the cell that produced them

Front 38

cell wall

Back 38

structure that surrounds a plant, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity

Front 39

plasmodesmata

Back 39

cytoplasmic strands that extend through pores in the cell wall and connect the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells