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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Codon
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a triplet of bases on mRNA which specfies a particular amino acid
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anticodon
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a triplet of bases mtRNA which is active in transcription
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exon
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in a gene, the portion of the DNA code that is expressed as a result of polypeptide formation
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intron
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noncoding segments of DNA that are transcribed but removed before mRNA leaves the nucleus
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transcription
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process where mRNA is formed from a DNA template
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translation
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process whereby a polypeptide is formed from an mRNA template
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nonsense mutation
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a mutation that creates a stop codon, drastically altering the polypeptide
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missense mutation
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a mutation that results in a change of one amino acids
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frameshift mutation
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a severe mutation that results from the addition or loss of a base in the coding sequence of a gene
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operon
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a structure which regulates the activity of several genes in prokaryotes
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enchromatin
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relatively uncondesed DNA which is active in transcription
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heterochromatin
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relatively condensed DNA which is inactive in transcription
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oncogene
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an abnormal gene which promotes uncontrolled cell division
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repressor
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a protein which binds to the operator of an operon, inactivating it
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corepressor
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a molecule which activates a repressor in a repressible operon
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DNA ligase
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an enzyme which links DNA fragments together
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plasmid
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a type of vector in bacteria which may carry genes for antibiotic rosistance
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restriction enzyme
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an enzyme which cuts up DNA into fragments
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polymerase chain reaction
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a process which amphifies DNA by making many copies of it
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reverse transcriptase
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an enzyme which creates cDNA from mRNA
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