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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why is water so important to life?
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-a good solvent
-moderated effects of temperature -forms an unusual solid:ice -sticks together |
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water + dissolved subsance =
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solution
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waht dissolves molecules with ionic bonds?
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NaCL-salt
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what dissolves polar molecules?
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gluclose-sugar
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the inside of our cells are mostly....
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water
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water is less ---when frozen
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dense
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has a tendency to stick together?
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cohesion
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surface tension?
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surfce reists tension
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adhesion?
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sticks to polar surface
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hydroxide ions is -- and --
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negative and basic
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hydrogen is -- and --
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positive and acidic
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acids and bases forms when
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water dissociates
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acids and bases release H+ when...
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dissolved in H20 bases
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acids and bases release OH wen...
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dissolved in H20
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the pH scale ranges from
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0-14
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(pH) a solution is acidic if it is...
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less than 7
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as you go down the scale there a fewer ---ions
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hydrogen
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living things actively maintain their complex structure and their internal enviornment
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homeostatis
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a particle composed of one or more atom held together by chemcial bonds; the smallest particle of a compound that displays all the propteries of that compound
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molecule
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molecules with carbon and hydrogen, mostly made by living things?
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organic molecules
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most biological molecules are ---based
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carbon
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molecules with C and H-mostly made by living things
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organic molecules
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how are organic molecules synthesized?
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1 use the same functional groups
2 formed by the modular group |
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a monomer is a...
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one single monomer
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a dimer is...
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2 monomers together
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a polymer is...
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multiple monomers
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how does a cell reverse the action?
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hydrolysis reaction
"lysis" means splitting |
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what are carbohydrates?
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means carbon and water
(CH20) |
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3 types of carbs?
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monosaccharides
polysaccharides disacchardies |
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what is a monosacchardie composed of?
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1 sugar
immediate E |
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what is a disacchardie composed of?
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2 sugars
short term E storage, transport |
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what is a polysaccharide composed of?
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many sugars, long term E storage, structural
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what is chitin?
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makes up arthropod exoskeletons and fungus cell walls
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what are lipids?
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lipds include: oil, fats, and waxes
phospholipids steroids |
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characteristics of lipids?
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large regions with mostly C and H; non popular; hydrophobic; insoluble in H20
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what is osmosis?
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the diffusion of water across a differently preamble membrane
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what are the effects of osmosis?
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isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution
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a concentration gradient cease to exist when...
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there is no movement of molecules
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a single-celled freshwater organism, such as portisian, is transferred to salt water. what is likely to happen?
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the cell shrinks
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what is energy requiring transport?
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movement of substances in or out of a cell using energy
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what is active transport?
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movement via membrane-spanning proteins
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what does active transport require?
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E
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active transport transports aganist what?
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conc gradient
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endocytosis moves...?
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large particles in
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exocytosis moves...?
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moves materials out
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what is endo-excocytosis?
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cell ingestion and excretion---it is the active process for large molecules or large groups of molecules
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endocytosis means?
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engulfment
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what is pinocytosis?
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"cell drinking"; cell engulfs extracellular fluid
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what is phagocytosis?
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"cell eating"; cell engulfs large particles
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what is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
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molecules bind to receptor proteins and forms vesicles that brings in a high concentration of those molecules
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exocyotis means?
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expulsion; material enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with plasma membrane
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the cytoplasm of a certain cell, such as a nueron, already has a high concentration of K+ ions, how can K+ ions continue to enter the cell?
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active transport
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water will ___ the cells of a fish living in fresh water becuase of the process of osmosis?
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move into
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how are cell surfaces specialized?
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desmosomes
tight junctions cell communication cell walls |
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what do desmosomes do?
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stregthen attachments between cells- basically proteins
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what do tight junctions do?
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prevent leakage between cells
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what are gap junctions?
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cell to cell channels connecting adjacent cells
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what are plasmodesmatas?
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channels through plant cell walls connecting adjacent cells
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