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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA process to mRNA
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DNA --> RNA --> add a cap (g) and a tail (Poly A) --> Remove Introns & Extend extrons --> mRNA
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Where does the mRNA go?
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Through the cytoplasm to a ribosome then a big mRNA is attached and then a tRNA attaches and then goes to the Golgi apparatus
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Sex-linkage
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Female = 22 + XX
Male = 22 + XY (XY System) Birds: F ZW M ZZ Insects: F XX M X |
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What does genetic matter have to have?
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Pass down info each generation
Needs to copy itself (S Phase) Sometimes change (mutation) mechanism for expression |
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Who were Hershey and Chase and what did they do?
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Tested for genetic material in T2/T4 viruses in 1952. For proteins they used radio-active sulfur and for DNA they used radio-active phosphorous
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Who were Watson and Crick and what did they do?
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Double helix
DNA = deoxyribose 5 C sugars are non-parallel A-T T-A G-C C-G |
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What do these bond with:
1. Base 2. PO4 3. 2 Nucleotides 4. Weak H+ |
1. Base - C1
2. PO4 - C5 3. 2 nucleotides: PO4 - C3 4. Weak H+ Bond: Base - Base |
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How does DNA replication occur?
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The bond between Nitrogen and the bases breaks (unzips) and it is held in place.
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Protein Synthesis
(Start, end, and in between) |
Initiation: AUG
Elongation of amino acid chain Termination: UAG, UGA, UAA (code for release factor) |
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What is:
1. Point Mutation 2. Frame Shift Mutation |
1. change in one nucleotide
2. addition or deletion of a nucleotide |
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What is semi-conservative replication?
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Each new DNA has one new double helix and one old strand which is conserved.
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What are the virus life cycles?
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1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic 3. Temperate |
